International Taxation - Transfer Pricing Research Paper

International Taxation - Transfer Pricing - Research Paper Example For the purpose of the subject under consideration, it is also assumed that the subsidiary company in the aforementioned group structure is a foreign company and the Parent is a local company. When the companies in the group structures are involved in transactions with each other, they put a price on the transaction. This price is termed as the ‘transfer price’. This can further be illustrated with the help of the following example: Company A, the parent company, is situated in USA and its subsidiary company, Company B is situated in UK. Suppose that Company A has outsourced its financial activities to its subsidiary company, which means that Company A does not have any staff which are performing finance related activities (such as preparing financial statement, filing tax return, involved in budgeting etc.) instead the finance department of Company B is performing these activities for Company A and in return is charging a fee. Although the owners of both Company A and C ompany B are the same, but still one company is charging a fee for performing a particular service to another company in the capital structure. Transfer pricing is not a legal activity in its substance, but its misuse can label it as abusive. Transfer mispricing is quite common in manufacturing concern all across the globe where the transfer of services are involved rather than the transfer of services. A safe estimate made by the economists and financial analyst presents the fact that around 60% of the international trade that place globally, is between the countries under the same corporate structure. In addition to this figure, the economists also put forward the fact that due to transfer mispricing, billions of dollars is lost for tax revenue. The tax authorities argue the fact that transaction between associated companies within a group should take place on arms length basis. The arms length price is the price at which two unrelated parties in the market would agree to proceed with the transaction. The arms length pricing is a result of genuine negotiation in the market. But usually what happens in the global market is that companies usually distort the transfer prices at which the transaction is recorded. This usually assists the companies in avoiding tax and report higher profit for the financial year. Illustrative Example No. 1 (all figures in USD)    Subsidiary Company (fully owned and controlled by the parent company)    Parent Company (Head Office of the Multinational)             Host Country (China) Home Country (USA)                            Price of good bought    Transfer Price    Selling price Total Case 1 100    200    300    Profit Before Tax 100 100 200 Tax Rate (%)[Ey.com 2013] 25% 40%    Tax paid 25 40 65 Profit after tax    75    60    135 Case 2 100    280    300    Profit Before Tax 180 20 200 Tax Rate (%) 25% 40%    Tax paid 45 8 53 Profit after tax    135    12    147 Ca se 3 100    300    300    Profit Before Tax 200 0 200 Tax Rate (%) 25% 40%    Tax paid 50 0 50 Profit after tax    150    0    150 In the first illustrative example, we are considering two companies situated in USA and China. The company situated in the USA is the parent company whereas the company situated in China is the wholly owned subsidiary company of the Parent. The Parent company is involved in the trading of FMCGs. The items that the company A sale to the general public is manufactured by the subsidiary

Methodology set of rituals

Methodology set of rituals Unfortunately method is sometimes reduced to incantations or a set of rituals which are applied to data. Because the research object is complex due to its multi-dimensional characteristics it is not susceptible to exhaustive coverage. Therefore, method itself should investigate at a conceptual level and not simply applied in a mechanistic way. The methodology applied in this project is therefore not a recipe for research practice. The research requires a qualitative methodology rather than a quantitative and it will draw upon non-positivist insights like phenomenology and post-structuralist. Again the analysis is not based on statistics but employs semiotics and analysis of discourse. Through data collection and the development and elaboration on the theoretical embedding the findings will gain reliability, validity, as well as the ability to generalise. To distinguish this approach from statistical sampling Glaser and Strauss (1967) have termed this theoretical sampling. Grounding theory on the basis of observation and recounting experiences either social experiences or work practices requires a: â€Å" process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects, codes, and analyses his data and decides what data to collect next and where to find them, in order to develop his theory as it emerges. The emerging theory, whether substantive or formal controls this process of data collection. The initial decisions for theoretical collection of data are based only on a general sociological perspective and on a general subject or problem area † (Glaser and Strauss: 45). This requirement has impacted the decision for a qualitative methodology that leans towards institutional ethnography, associated with Dorothy E. Smith a social theorist from Canada. However, researching this project through institutional ethnography is primarily motivated by my views that objective knowledge used in the management of organisations does not pay tribute to the actual diverse circumstances of the lives of organisations members and is thus not open to the causes and consequences of the social problems perpetuated by these circumstances. By using institutional ethnography I envision, implicitly, a more just world where knowledge is distributed more equally, and where it can be used a challenging force of the existing power relations in an organisation (De Vault, 2008). This method contributes to a distributive justice agenda by turning peoples everyday lives into knowledge which seek to understand the existing power relations, and pointing to possible interventions in th ese relations. In answering the questions â€Å"how does this happen as it does? How are these relations organised† (Campbell Gregor, 2002, p. 7), institutional ethnography relies on the influence of social organisation literature the language theory of Bakhtin and critical theorists such as Marx and Foucault. The combination of the terms institutional and ethnography implies the need to move beyond local practices (Travers, 1996). It is an approach to empirical inquiry grounded by a materialist ontology the daily world of peoples actual activities drawing from ethnomethodology that examines how everyday life experience or professional practice, or policy making is socially organised (Devault and McCoy, 2001 p. 751), and its consequences in contemporary societies. Social organisation is understood as local practices tied into activities occurring across time and space to form extended sequences of action or what are called â€Å"trans-local† relations (McCoy, 1998). Institutions organise themselves formally by establish discourses of power and control which are disseminated through. These policies form the basis for further organisational documentation like contracts, accounting records, time sheets, job descriptions etc. Institutions develop conceptual practices:. These discursive, managerial, and professional forms of governance can be seen as the textual venues (such as legislation, management, administration etc.) where power is generated and perpetuated in society across multiple sites and are defined in institutional ethnography as ruling relations. Attempting to understand how the coordination of work processes, activities, and relations organised across space and time form part of the ruling apparatus in society (Grahame Grahame, 2000) institutional ethnography examines how textual sequences coordinate consciousness, actions, and ruling relations what Smith calls textually-mediated social organisation. Ruling relations are embedded in t hese textually-mediated social organisations, which make power less obvious to those being controlled. This notion of ruling relations draws on Marx and his conception of political economy arising from the activities of people (Smith, 1990: 94), but also on ethnomethodology, because it starts from the common-sense knowledge of people and how they talk about daily activities. It should be clear that institutional ethnography is not simply a methodology. Institutional ethnography is not a tool one can readily use at will without adopting the theoretical framework. Theory and orientation toward research are intricately entwined in institutional ethnography and cannot be divorced from one another. In summary the aim of institutional ethnography is not the discovery of ‘meaning or the description of social worlds as in traditional ethnography; the goal is to discover the forms of coordination and control that shape peoples everyday lives and thus to look at the concrete actions of individuals as they function in relation to an institution using an ethnographic method, but more interested in the political contexts than other qualitative approaches. The method takes into account the texts and discourses that make up social life, but is actually more grounded in fieldwork study of texts that are actually used than most forms of discourse analysis (Eastwood Devault 2001). So the research begins from the embodied experience of particular Citi staff and then set about systematically investigating the social and institutional determinants of that experience. In this way, the research produces knowledge for people, rather than about them, a kind of map of the work processes, dis courses and social practices that generate specific forms of inequality, marginalisation and subordination. The object of study in this research is not individual people or social groups but, rather, the social relations, especially institutional work processes and related modes of knowledge, that form the ground of Citi staffs lived experience, hence the almost perfect fit to apply institutional ethnography as the research approach, because one of the main purposes of institutional ethnography is to describe the coordination of the day to day activities in the organisation. The challenge is then to discover how ideology can be used to relate those activities to Citis institutional imperatives. This method enables the exploration of power and politics within Citi, producing insights unavailable using other research methods. The co-ordinating Citi staffs activities is being investigated through the use of institutional texts, with the aim to clarify how these are â€Å"hooked up† as Smith expresses it hierarchically and horizontally beyond Citis world. Using institutional ethnograp hy my study identifies the language of meritocracy as an area of experience or everyday practice, and explicates the institutional processes shaping that experience (Campbell Gregor 2002, p.59; DeVault McCoy 2001, p.755). Text Approaching text through institutional ethnography means deviating from the post-modern stance. It is not the discourse of the text that is the starting point nor is the focus on the subject who makes use of it. Contrary to post-modern approaches to social analysis that often treat texts as metaphors, the ‘body as text or ‘society as text; institutional ethnography investigates texts as active constituents of social relations. The idea of texts as constituents of organisations has been around in institutional theory for a long time: DiMaggio and Powell (1983) argued that texts allow organisations to standardise by modelling themselves after similar organisations, which are perceived as legitimate or efficient. For Taylor et al. (Taylor et al., 1996; Taylor and Van Every, 1993), actions in bureaucratic organisations are always text generating. Hasslebladh and Kallinikos (2000: 703) assert that â€Å"no organisation could support its status as a formal system without the arsenal of verbal and numerical techniques through which its goals and operations are described, organised and controlled†. More recently, Phillips et al. (2004: 635) have offered what they call a â€Å"discursive model of institutionalisation,† where â€Å"it is not action per se that provides the basis for institutionalisation but, rather, the texts that describe and communicate those actions. It is primarily through texts that information about actions is widely distributed and comes to influence the actions of others†. The same authors (ibid.: 641) write that â€Å"discourses provide the socially constituted, self-regulating mechanisms that enact institutions and shape the actions that lead to the production of more texts. Thus, the discursive realm acts as the background against which current actions occur—enabling some actions and constraining others†. Texts, in both their material and symbolic aspect form the bridge between the everyday/every night local actualities of our living and the ruling relations (Smith, 1999:7). The relations into whom the text and its discourses enter are investigated to discover the social activities that are generated. Symbolically, it is how text influences everyday life to co-ordinate social activities, how text constitutes social organisation. This will show the power of texts in everyday life (Smith, 1992: 93), and the importance of the physical texts to institutional organisation (Smith, 1984). Texts transport power in ideologies and practices across sites and among people. Since texts do not know boundaries, they are powerful tools in organising peoples activities, across organisations. (Smith, 1999: 80), standardising peoples activities into bureaucracies. The power of a text can be viewed similar to Foucaults (1967) explanation: â€Å"Power must be analysed as something, which circulates, or rather as something which only functions in the form of a chain. It is never localised here or there, never in anybodys hands, never appropriated as a commodity or piece of wealth. Power is employed and exercised through a net-like organisation. And not only do individuals circulate between its threads; they are always in the position of simultaneously undergoing and exercising power. They are not only its inert or consenting target; they are always the elements of articulation [italics added]. In other words, individuals are the vehicles of power, not its point of application.† (p. 234) Ruling relations The entry point of my inquiry is the standpoint of actual individuals located in the everyday world (Smith, 1987:159). Standpoint refers then to the location of an embodied subject in a specific local, historical setting. Although experience is the ground zero of my analysis it cannot be confined to the direct experience of the everyday world for it is organised by social relations not fully apparent in it nor contained in it (1987:92). According to a social organisation framework, social relations are systematic processes that control peoples lives through ruling relations â€Å"more or less mysteriously and outside a persons knowledge† (Campbell Gregor, 2002, p. 18; 2004, p. 18). Within this framework, social life is not chaotic but is purposefully organised to happen as it does. Power becomes critically important to evidence how ruling relations are transported through knowledge, experience, discourse, and institutions. Power of these ruling relations is investigated on an institutional level where Citi transposes what really happens to its staff into abstract categories. Conceptualising â€Å"what happens in a form that makes it administrablethese categories are embedded, for example in case reports, report cards, application forms, tickets, etc.† (Darville, 2002, p. 61). Smith conceives of institution as a complex of relations organised around a specific function such as law, health care, or education. This complex of relations forms part of the ruling apparatus in contemporary society. Rather than referring to a specific form of social organisation, institution refers to the coordination and intersection of an array of activities into a functional complex. The concept institution does not refer to entities in themselves but rather to the way in which they are interwoven around a particular function. To obtain data for this analysis, this project proceeds through three main phases of data collection: investigation of local experience through the Citi staffs individual standpoint, analysis of processes and social relations extending beyond Citi staffs experiential accounts, and establishing the interconnection between the local experience and the extended experience (Griffith Smith, 1990; Smith, 1987). Phase one examines the work activities (broadly defined) of Citi staff engaged in the progress of their daily lives with a view to analysing how that world is shaped by and maintains the institutional process. Bearing in mind that experiences or situations are not free-standing phase one data collection tries to discover the â€Å"material connections between what actually happens to participants in a research setting and what triggers those particular events† (Campbell Gregor, 2004, p. 70). While phase one brings the problem into view, phase two is an analysis of ideological procedures that are used to make the institutional work processes accountable. It is a way to â€Å"explicate how the local setting, including local understandings and explanations, are brought into being- so that informants can talk about their experiences as they do†((Campbell Gregor, 2004, p. 90). Important to this phase of data collection and analysis is the earlier mentioned notion that power is carried through the ideological constructs of texts. Analysis is about deriving particular meaning from the data as to their social construction across multiple settings. Bringing the other phases together phase three analyses how these work processes in a particular context are connected across time and place and as such operate as part of an extended set of social relations (Smith, 1987:160-161).

Gullivers Travels :: essays research papers

Gulliver’s Travels   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift addresses many things wrong with the society around him. His portrayal of English society shows how much he saw evil in it. He mainly addressed five issues throughout his book: war, government and politics,economy, society, and mankind as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lilliputians uncover the idiocracy of war in our society. The Little-Ender and Big-Ender war all started on the debate of which way to break an egg. It didn’t matter that the entire reason of the war was ridiculous--no one knew that reason. They just fought because they knew that they fought long ago, and guessed that it should have been for a good reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gulliver himself even showed the absurdity of war when he explained the reasons England would fight to Mistress or the Queen of Brobdingnag. His justifications to fight were simply because the enemy was weaker and they wanted more land. This shows Swift’s sympathy for Ireland at that time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift believed that politics and government were games. The “election'; of “leaping and creeping'; of the Lilliputians was the basis of choosing their government officials. The government was ran with people that could go under or jump over a stick. The entire notion of classes and ranks seemed to be stupid to Swift.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The island of Brobdingnag portrayed Swift’s idea of a perfect society. Everyone was equal, and everyone got an equal share. There were no taxes and everyone got a say in how to deal with problems that arose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Gulliver explained English society to the queen of Brobdingnag, she no longer regarded the little man with wonder. She proclaimed that the crimes of his society were lying and swindling, and the English were horrible vermin. When Gulliver decided to show the queen a wonder of his society, he seemed to further alienate himself because he showed her the destructiveness of his world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift probably knew that having knowledge was power. But the impractical seeking of knowledge was of no use to him. At the Academy, professors would stay inside for years at a time, letting nature outside go to waste. They would ponder different ways to perform simple tasks and looked for answers to questions that hadn’t any. They did not take a thing of nature as God intended it, rather they took it apart and analyzed it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift saw humankind as evil, as portrayed in the life of the Houyhnhms and Yahoos.

Mobile Phone and Social Media

There are days when I wish marathoner weren't even Invented-Yet I try to Imagine life without social media, and it makes me sad to realize how many people I would no longer be in contact with. The people I communicate with the most on Faceable are not the people that I'm closest to in life. Instead it's the people who either live in other cities or have moved on to other schools and our lives no longer intersect on a daily or weekly basis. I'm able to stay in touch with these people in a way that I wouldn't be able to without Faceable.We're able to share articles, books, recipes, and ideas. I'm able to see them accomplish life goals, get married, start families. Although these friendships are not the same as the friendships I have with my close friends and family, I still value the connection. Social media and smart phones are now a permanent part of society, and I think that is, for the most part, a positive thing. L, for one, am going to try to set aside my phone and ignore Faceabl e for hours at a time, and I'm going to get out of the bait of touching my phone during family and school times.I want to someday have a family, and when I do, devices will not be allowed at family meetings, so it makes sense to get out of the habit now. I'm going to continue to post interesting articles and photos when I see them. But I'm not going to constantly check to see how many â€Å"likes† and â€Å"comments†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ have. As for using my smartened in public, that's not really an Issue for me. I'm usually daydreaming. â€Å"Look up from your phone. Shut down the display. Stop watching this video. Live life the real way†.This shows me that the rate of successful relationships has gone down because people are to busy using their phones for testing and social media Instead of Interacting with each other. I think that smart phones have been ruling peoples social life. I think that the message I picked will help me later In elite. I would definitely recommend this video to family and friends because it has a deep message in it and it could help in their life. Mobile Phone and Social Media By sucroseCultural Perspective: I-J/ England By now, if you spend any time on Faceable, you've probably seen the â€Å"Look Up† video. Relationship with smart phones and social media. I hate how it has become a reflex smartness weren't even invented. Yet I try to imagine life without social media, and an issue for me. I'm usually daydreaming. â€Å"Look up from your phone. Shut down the people are to busy using their phones for testing and social media instead of interacting with each other. Message I picked will help me later in life.

Advertising Radio Fm Brand Essay

‘Advertising Radio FM Brand’ is famous case in Business Communication for MBA. In this article, I’ve written the answers of this case. Hope it will be beneficial for the students who seeking the answers to these questions: 1. What is non – verbal communication? Why do you suppose that this commercial relies primarily on non-verbal communication between a young man and a gorgeous woman? What types of non – verbal communication are being used in this case? 2. Would any of the non-verbal communications in this spot (ad) not work well in another culture? 3. What role does music play in this spot? Who is the target market? Here are the answers: 1. What is non – verbal communication? Why do you suppose that this commercial relies primarily on non-verbal communication between a young man and a gorgeous woman? What types of non – verbal communication are being used in this case? Ans.: Non-verbal communication means exchanging few words with other people without any speech and sound. The various ways of non-verbal communication are posture or body language, gesture, facial expressions such as eye contact or laughing or crying etc, symbolizing, drawings or symbols, emotions, etc. In this commercial ad, there is a non-verbal communication found in between a young man and gorgeous woman; that the man couldn’t understand due to loud sound of music she danced with and her expression what she wants to say. In this case of commercial ad, eye contact, smiling and waving are the non-verbal communication are being used. 2. Would any of the non-verbal communications in this spot (ad) not work well in another culture? Ans.: The thumbs-up sign has different meanings in different countries. In Japan, it means to money and in Iran it means something wrong or indecent. In Canada, excessive gesturing is generally avoided. 3. What role does music play in this spot? Who is the target market? Ans.: In this ad, music plays an important role; played loudly to promote a music channel i‘five’. The target market or audience on this spot is youths. Youths or youngsters who usually like to attend parties and loves music as one of their common leisure pursuit.

Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Essay Example

Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Essay Example Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Paper Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Paper S. E. S, Wonder Girls, Tohoshinki and Super Junior. Music companies selecte members with different specialties, such as proficiency in Japanese, Mandarin or English, in order to attract more supporters from different places. Two of the members of S. E. S were selected because of their fluency of Japanese and English while the Chinese member of Wonder Girls helps the group to gain popularity in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. The strategies of music companies lead to the increasing popularity of Korean Pop(K-Pop) which further intensified the Korean Wave in Asia. 3. Subjective Factor: Attitude of Koreans towards Korean Entertaining Industries Superficially, Korean entertaining industries can sustainably developed and expanded is because of the good strategies of the companies, whereas, fundamentally, it is because of the attitude of Koreans towards entertaining industries. Unlike other regions or countries, Koreans consider popular culture as an important factor in improving their lives. As mentioned before, the influence of Korean Wave is currently spreading across Asia, covering areas include China, Japan and Taiwan, even Hong Kong’s popular culture is undergoing revolutionary changes. Influence brought by the Korean Wave is powerful that it seems unstoppable. However, before the existence of the Korean Wave, the situation is totally different. Japanese popular culture was in fashion and had a great influence to Korea as well as in Asia. Korean popular culture can never compare with Japanese popular culture, and at the same time, Koreans are inferior to Japanese. When Japanese government implemented the San Francisco peace treaty in 1952, the Japanese government one-sidedly deprived the Japanese nationality from those Koreans who had stayed in Japan, and Koreans are even subjected to the rigid control of alien registration law. Koreans can either choose to return to Korea or naturalize to be Japanese(Kim 134). The induction of such policy had brought an identity crisis to Koreans. However, when Korean popular culture rise suddenly and gain immense popularity in Asia, Koreans start to be proud of being a Korean, which has greatly increased their self-recognition and of his country(Kim 136). They believe that the Korean Wave would help in improving their images in Japan and other places in Asia. Therefore, they hold an optimistic view towards Korean entertaining industries. As Koreans recognize the Korean Wave is a possible way of improving their images, they become more willing to enter the entertaining industries. Their entry provides resources, talents, technology and creativity to Korean entertaining industries. TV dramas no longer have to be with the traditional values, but with new themes, and pop songs are not restricted to be suited with dancing only. After the participation of these new comers, more creative works can be found. Yet, without appropriate actors and singers, the newly composed movie scripts and songs cannot shine with its soul. The young generation is also affected by the Korean Wave that they desire to become pop stars as their idols. According to a research conducted by Choi, A predominate number of youths express their preference in service sector or entertainment industries(Choi 269). Their parents also support their decisions of being trainees because they think it is their honor to have a pop stars in their families. Therefore, children are sent to the entertaining or music companies for training when they are still receiving secondary education. Although the training period is long, which usually take at least four years to up to ten years, they can still keep their faith and endure the brutal trainings. They believe that they can shine on stage one day. After years of training, their singing, dancing and acting skills are guaranteed before putting on stage. As a result, there are sufficient supply of creative scripts and songs, together with artists and singers, the Korean Wave can be sustainably developed and continue to spread to Asia, leading to an important trend in Asia. 4. Objective Factor: Globalization The Korean entertaining industries grow stronger with the good strategies of entertaining companies and the participation of new comers. Yet, Korean popular culture cannot turn to the Korean Wave and spread through Asia without the factor of globalization. There are different definitions of globalization from various scholars, but in general terms, globalization can be understood as a multi-dimensional and complex process of profound transformations in all spheres, including technological, economic, political, social, cultural, intimate and personal. With the improvement of communication technology, worldwide social relations and consciousness of world society are intensified. In other words, globalization suggests the expanding scale, speeding up and deepening impact of interregional flows and patterns of social interaction(Held and McGrew 3). The Korean Wave is a result of the globalization of technology and the media, as Sung said(vii). With the improvement of communication technology and transportation, the Korean Wave can affect the whole Asia within a short period of time. Firstly, the advancement of communication technology, also including TV broadcasting and the Internet, play an important role in intensification of the Korean Wave. With the invention and popularization of television, products, as well as TV dramas and pop songs can be promoted more easily and effectively. The latest information about Korean popular culture can be known immediately. Korean TV dramas and music videos are also shown on TV frequently. Some of the TV stations even establish a new channel for broadcasting Korean programs, such as J2 in Hong Kong and Channel V in Taiwan. The former broadcasts Korean TV dramas and entertaining programs while the latter featured Korean pop music videos and both of them have created a base for Korean popular culture in Asia. The invention of internet further facilitates the exchange of information within Korea and other places. One of the advantages of using the Internet is that there is no time difference. People in other places can follow the latest information of Korea through the internet. Besides, the internet also provides an effective platform for promotion. Youtube is a platform for Korean music companies to promote their artists and singers. In July 2006, more than 1. 6 million US visitors watched 21 million video streams per day, which means each people watched about 13 video streams every day(Browne 184). The internet and Youtube are, therefore, used as a useful tool for updating the recent status of artists and publicizing their masterpieces. Apart from the advancement of communication technology, the development of transportation also eliminates the geographical constraints, which encourage Korean artists and singers to travel around Asia and promote their works. As travelling time is shortened between destinations, most of Korea’s topnotch singers take their concerts to Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Tokyo. They bring along with their albums, having songs in local languages of the places, to publicize their works and maximize the local support. For instance, Wonder Girls recomposed the lyrics of their song â€Å"Nobody† from Korean to Mandarin before holding their concert in Taiwan. And when they go to places where the concerts are held, they take part in the recording of local entertaining programs. As a result, in the journey of holding concerts, they would appear on the entertaining programs, entertainment news and, of course, in the concert, the effect of their visiting and the influence of Korean Wave can easily be imagined With the improvement of communication technology and popularization of television and internet, the world became flat, as Friedman suggests(4), which means exchange of information is easy. 5. Objective Factor: Hybridity The simplest definition of hybridity refers to mixture. In the contemporary world, hybridity are used to describe popular culture, racial mixing, cuisine and anything which is combined by two or more elements. In terms of popular culture, hybridity refers to the combination of more than one culture. There can be two meanings in the case of Korean popular culture, one is that Korean popular culture itself is a hybrid that forms by numerous cultures, so Korean popular culture is more special and can easily to fit in other culture. Another is that cultures nowadays are hybrids; therefore, Korean popular culture is easy to be accepted. For Korean popular culture itself, it combined Japanese, Chinese and also American culture together, and formed its Korean popular culture. Korea had become colony of China and Japan, therefore greatly influenced by these two cultures. From Sui Dynasty, Korea was a vassal state under the protection of China. Korea sent students to Changan, the capital of Tang Dyansty, to learn Chinese culture. Korea is under the influence of Chinese culture from long time ago. The traditional values of Chinese cultures, such as filial piety, respect for elderly and loyalty, also deeply rooted in the Korean culture. When China was defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War, Korea was given to Japan and start to be influence by Japan. Although Korea was freed after the Second World War, it was still under great influence of Japanese culture. At that time, Japan was receiving post-war assistance from the United States and American culture started to mix with Japanese culture. As a result, Korean popular culture has absorbed foreign elements, such as Chinese, Japanese and American, while still keeping its own traditions and values(Kim 292). This underlying dynamic help put the Korean Wave forward. On the other hand, people usually think that hybrid is stronger and more beautiful than the pure, both historically and biologically(Kim 292). As Korean popular culture involves Chinese, Japanese and American elements, it can fulfill audiences’ desire. Hence, the Korean Wave is formed and intensified within a short period of time. Moreover, because of globalization, information can be transmitted quickly. To keep the own culture without any foreign influence is hard to achieve. People generally have a greater acceptance and tolerance towards foreign culture. In this era of hybridity, it is understandable that why Korean popular culture can give a big hit to Asia. With these two definitions together, the reasons why Korean popular culture can affect Asia is obvious, including the rich content of Korean popular culture and the high acceptance of people in Asia. 6. Impact: Cultural Imperialism Korean popular culture rise and receive strong reaction within a short period of time, it seems only an exchange of culture in different places. Yet, the Korean Wave actually has resulted in cultural imperialism. Imperialism is defined as a function of the inequalities of size, power, wealth, and national resources that are built into the international system as it is a cause of those inequalities(Ninkovich 7). And cultural imperialism, which is also translated into â€Å"media imperialism† by some theorists, can take the form of an active, formal policy or a general attitude(Tomlinson 6). That means the spread of Korean popular culture generally exploited other’s local culture. Korean films, TV dramas, pop songs and entertaining programs continue to gain popularity in Asia. As the Korean TV dramas are cheaper than the Japanese one, the Japanese TV dramas are soon replaced by the Korean one. Chinese TV stations also stopped to produce TV dramas because the cost of purchasing a Korean TV drama is lower than producing a new one. Thus, Korean TV dramas, such as Stairway to Heaven, Coffee Prince, He’s Beautiful, continued to attract people’s attention. Meanwhile, K-pop floods the market of popular music. Music companies in Asia purchase the copyright of Korean pop songs and rewrite the lyrics in their local language for their artists to perform. In Hong Kong, the lyrics of â€Å"Mister† from KARA is recomposed into Cantonese, which also named â€Å"Mister† perform by Miyoko Lau and Renee Lee. In Taiwan, the lyrics of â€Å"T. O. P. † by Shinhwa is rewritten in Mandrin, which became â€Å"Remember† performed by S. H. E. Besides recomposing lyrics, Korean popular songs are also performed by other singers in different occasions. For instance, Show Luo, a male artist from Taiwan, performed â€Å"Nobody† from Wonder Girls in an entertaining program. These can show that the growth of Korean popular culture influence the entertaining industries in Asia. As Tomlinson suggests, cultural imperialism can be seen as the dominance of one culture’s media(text, practices) over another or as the global spread of â€Å"mass-mediated culture†(22). Although the immense popularity of Korean Wave helps spread of Korean popular culture, at the same time, destroyed the original and local culture in other places. Before the Korean Wave, composers and artists creates their own works, yet, with the Korean Wave, their creativity and originality are affected by the Korean style. If this continues to happen, the unique culture of each place would diminish and gradually disappeared. This will bring serious consequences, and is possible to occur. 7. Conclusion It is an undeniable and unstoppable truth that the Korean Wave has brought Asia a big hit. By considering the factors that lead to globalization of Korean popular culture, we can understand why the Korean Wave happens so much, and the answer of whether the Korean Wave still has such a strong effect on Asia is also predictable. First of all, the Korean entertaining industries and pop stars provide enough support for the continuous development of Korean popular culture. There are impressive films, TV dramas and entertaining programs, with the associated artists, which have already laid down the foundation of the Korean Wave. TV programs are seriously produced with technical expects and professional performers, together with the catchy theme songs, it is difficult to not catch the hearts of people in Asia. The strength of Korean pop stars and artists can also attract people who are tired of their local but weak ones. Moreover, as the attitude of Koreans towards popular culture do not change, Korean popular culture is possible to further develop. There is sufficient supply reserve for entertaining industries. They facilitate the growth of the Korean Wave and, at the same time, also support the expansion of the influence of Korean popular culture. Adding the factors such as globalization and hybridity, Korean popular culture spread through Asia quickly and effectively. As the communication technology has been improved, information flow becomes more convenient. The invention of internet, wireless technology and satellite also facilitate information exchange, people can receive Korean latest information easily. The influence of the Korean Wave then becomes stronger and stronger. However, can the Korean Wave further affected people’s minds and deep-rooted in the market of popular culture is still questionable. The Korean Wave rose suddenly and swept through Asia in about 10 years, from the late 1990s to present. Would the Korean Wave leave as fast as it comes? There are some issues that should be paid attention to if the Korean popular culture still aims at maintaining its influence or further expand. Firstly, as one of the reasons that the Korean wave can be so successful that is the hybridity of its popular culture. Then what if there is another popular culture growing with more foreign elements which arouse the curiosity of people. What if Korean popular culture has no great breakthrough which made people lost interests. The Korean Wave will surely decline if these come true. Secondly, as mentioned in the above paragraphs, the Korean Wave caused cultural imperialism that destroyed the local cultures. What should Korea respond to the decreasing demand of Korean TV dramas, so as to protect the development of Korean popular culture? The Korean Wave is definitely strong in the early 2000s, but it seems starting to decline these years. There is a Chinese saying â€Å"it is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open†, which Korean popular culture is now facing this issue. In what ways that the Korean popular culture can sustainably grow, both Korean entertaining industries and Koreans should think this issue deeply. Bibliography Beng Huat, Chua Iwabuchi, Koichi. East Asian Pop Culture: Analysing the Korean Wave. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong Press, 2008. Print. Browne, Ray Broadus. Popular Culture Values and the Arts: Essays on Elitism Versus Democratization. Jefferson: McFarland. 2009. Print. Choi, Jung Ah. New Generation’s Career Aspirations and New Ways of Marginalization in a Postindustrial Economy. British Journal of Sociology of Education. London: Routledge, (2010). P. 269-283 Diffrient, David Scott. â€Å"Shiri†. Film Quarterly 54. 3 (2001): 40-46. Print. Faiola, Anthony. â€Å"Japanese Women Catch the Korean Wave†. The Washington Post. 006: 1. Web. 10 May 2011. Friedman, Thomas L. The World Is Flat. London, England: Penguin Books. 2005. Print. Held, David. and McGrew, Anthony. The Global Transformations. Cambridge: Polity. 2003. Print. Kim, Youna. Media Consumption and Everyday Life in Asia. Routledge Advances in Internationalizing Media Studies. New York: Taylor Francis Group, 2008. Kin, Joong Keun. Koreas Changing Roles in South East Asia. Singapore: Institute of South East Asian studies, 2010, Print. Ninkovich, Frank A. The United States and Imperialism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Inc, 2001. Print. Segers, Frank. â€Å"Korea Movies†. Hollywood Reporter, April 19, 2000, 14-16. Shin, Hyunjoon. â€Å"Have you ever seen the Rain? And wholl stop the Rain? : the globalizing project of Korean pop (K-pop)†, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 10: 4 (2009), 507 -523. Print. Sung, Sang Yeon. Globalization and the Regional Flow of Popular Music: the Role of the Korean Wave(Hanliu) in the Construction of Taiwanese Identities and Asian Values. 2008. Tomlinson, John. Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. Print.

Successful management Essay Example

Successful management Essay Example Successful management Essay Successful management Essay Thesis:   Successful management in a diverse workplace can be challenging today.   Supervisors must use their skills to deal effectively with some of these challenges. The process of managing a diverse workforce is time consuming and requires careful coordination and consistent application. Yet, establishing a culture that truly values and creatively manages diversity is critical as organizations attempt to attract, motivate, and retain employees from a workforce that is growing in variety and complexity. The company that gets out in front of managing diversity will have a competitive edge. A good way to begin managing in a diverse workplace is to be aware of situations, problems, and issues as they arise. If you want to be a successful manager in a diverse workplace, there are many things to consider, for instance: good communication, strong leadership, and training and development.IntroductionSuccessful management in a diverse workplace can be challenging today.   Supervisors must use their skills to deal effectively with some of these challenges.   A good way to begin managing in a diverse workplace is to be aware of situations, problems, and issues as they arise. If you want to be a successful manager in a diverse workplace, there are many things to consider, for instance: good communication, strong leadership, and training and development.   In this paper, each of these will be discussed and how it affects the environment in the workplace and the outcomes of successful management.1. Strong communication2. Strong leadership3. Training and DevelopmentConclusionIn conclusion, the diverse workplace can be challenging today. Supervisors must use their skills to deal effectively with some of these challenges in order to become successful.   The best way to begin managing in a diverse workplace is to be aware of all issues as they arise. If you enforce good communication, strong leadership and efficient training and development, the benefits you will reap at your workplace will be endless.

Talking About Young People

Talking About Young People Talking About Young People Talking About Young People By Maeve Maddox Many terms exist to describe children of various ages, all of them having different connotations. The messages of journalists, politicians, merchants, professional educators, and social commentators are often slanted by the terms they choose to describe children. For example, politicians who may usually refer to children as kids are careful to use the words child and children in their important speeches. Apparently, child evokes a more tender response in the listener than kid. Professional educators, who once distinguished between the words pupil and student, now refer to all school children as students. Any word that describes a child is going to carry some emotional charge, but some are more heavily weighted than others. Here are some fairly neutral words to describe young people under the age of 21: baby infant toddler child boy girl youngster juvenile adolescent minor The following words convey more specific images and appeal to different emotions: tot tyke little one preschooler teenager teen preteen student young man young lady young adult waif urchin brat rug rat guttersnipe In the past, the word youth was a useful term often seen in news stories with the meaning of â€Å"a young man between boyhood and mature age.† For example, â€Å"Youth Robs Liquor Store.† Recently, I’ve seen the word used to describe a three-year-old who drowned. Finally, there’s the word kid. As a word for the young of a goat, kid has been in the language at least since 1562; possibly since 1200. The OED documents kid, â€Å"a child, especially a young child,† from the 17th century, noting that it originated as â€Å"low slang,† but by the 19th century had become common in familiar speech. Nowadays, kid is used in the most formal contexts, from the speech and writing of professional educators to the naming of children’s clinics. The word’s elevation to the status of an acceptable synonym for child may have something to do with its similarity to German Kind (child); after all, English is a Germanic language. However, despite its ubiquity as a generic term for child, the word kid can carry negative connotations that prevent it from being acceptable in every context. Related post: â€Å"I Hate ‘Kids† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Anyone vs. EveryoneHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Measuring Public Sector Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Measuring Public Sector Performance - Essay Example Then, common models of performance measurement and how they were developed are investigated. Third, the public and private sectors are compared and contrasted to highlight similarities and differences in their functions, goals, and outputs. Fourth, key developments in private and public sector performance measures are reviewed and discussed to highlight the convergence in the efforts of each sector to address stakeholder expectations. The paper concludes with a set of observations that disprove the hypothesis by showing that performance measurement as a basis for financial accountability and management in both the private and public sectors has become more complex and difficult and provide challenges for everyone. Â  Any discussion of organizational performance begins with an understanding of the nature of human organizations and why they exist. Like the human beings who establish them, every organization exists for a purpose, a set of goals or objectives that has to be achieved. By custom and for analytical convenience, organizations are classified based on their main purpose; thus, there are private-sector, public-sector, not-for-profit, institutional, voluntary, and mixed organizations. Table 1 summarises each of these organizational types, their specific purposes, and some basic examples of each. Â  Regardless of the type, an organization can be said to be successful if it meets the purpose(s) for which it is established, and with success comes its continued growth and existence. Otherwise, it would be better for an organization that does not meet its purpose for existing to close down. This is where accounting as a management tool proves its usefulness because it helps provide public sector organizations with the means to measure performance (Jones et al., 2002).

The Immigration Reform Bill of 2013 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Immigration Reform Bill of 2013 - Coursework Example The entire process of deportation is another factor that sends back another major chunk of young people who have grown up and studied in American colleges, thereby sending away a huge chunk of the talent within these colleges. While authorities stay strict, the government is bearing the brunt of the corporate and banking sectors who are forced to undertake industrialization due to the outflow of such talent from their companies. The Immigration Reform Bill sought to address issues from both the government and people’s point of views. And whether it succeeds or not depends upon the election of the minister who is most vehement and active in getting the House to agree to this Bill. The play designed in this article uses five theatrical techniques to highlight the range of events that occur in this politician’s life, till the final verdict of the election, in which he gets to know if he is elected or not. The first act (Act I) has three scenes. The first scene is a congregational meeting held at a Church service, to commemorate the death of the younger brother of this politician. Key characters in the play, like the rival politicians and business magnets who influence them, are introduced in this meeting. The political leader although in silence is aware of the brewing political tension in the minds of these guests attending the congregation. The scene uses thought tracking (Mackey & Cooper, 2000, 50) done by another key character of the play Adam Xavier, who is himself a 40-year-old high profile journalist familiar with the power players of this game. His observations and dialogues familiarize the audience with the real tension that is present in the thoughts of the characters of the play.  

Business Report about Prudential Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Report about Prudential - Essay Example In the words of Henry Fayol (1987), management is all about forecasting, planning, organizing, forming coordination and keeping control. This implies that management is made of four interlocking functions namely planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Porter, 2008) Management is a continuous process because its four functions are interdependent on each other therefore, management never stops. A deep insight into the concept of management shows that the task of a manager is to ensure that all resources of the organization are working in harmony with human resources. A manager is responsible for creating such an environment where workers are motivated and they do not lose their focus. Management as a whole is dynamic in nature. It involves the use of various disciplines such as economics, ethics, psychology and sociology etc in order to guarantee that workers achieve their targets on time by utilizing resources optimally (Terence Lucey, 2005). Competing Values Framework (CVF): T here are a number of approaches to management and fortunately they have all come together in Quinn’s (1981) competing values framework (CVF). The idea behind the introduction of this approach was to simplify the language which is useful in defining organizational effectiveness in terms of its designing, analysis and development. This framework can have multiple purposes: it serves as a learning system in the organization, an idea generator, a map and a mechanism that makes sense of organizing. It helps in the identification of factors and guidelines which assist the managers in managing conflicts, congruencies and relationships at different levels of the organizations (Wesley, 2008). The competing values framework (CVF) helps the organizational members and managers create value for the organization as well as improve its performance at both internal and external levels. Cameron and Quinn (2006) proposed that organizational effectiveness can be demonstrated by four of competin g values namely internal, external, flexibility and control. The model illustrates that the vertical axis represents structural preferences of organizations from flexibility to control and the horizontal axis shows the perspectives from internal (people oriented) to external (organization oriented) emphasis (see Appendix). The framework is further divided into four quadrants namely human relations model, internal process model, open system model and rational goal model (Quinn & Rohrbaugh, 1983). 2.0 Application 2.1 Name and Challenge Establishes in 1875 and headquartered in the city of Newark, NJ, Prudential Financial Inc. is one of the leading companies which offers to its customers various products and services of financial nature. These offerings include investment management, mutual funds, annuities, life insurance policies and special services for the retired citizens. For over more than hundred years, the company is enjoying successful operations in Latin America, United State s, Europe and Asia. So far, the number of permanent employees associated with Prudential Inc. has reached up to fifty thousand one hundred and four. There are three main divisions of the company namely: U.S Retirement Solutions and Investment Management, International Insurance and Investment and U.S Individual Life and Group Insurance. Of the many challenges Prudential is facing, the challenge of climate change holds significant importance. Global warming has given rise to the issue of

Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Customer Relationship Management - Essay Example CRM thus involves efficient handling at all stages. The role of the customer relationship manager begins even before the company purchases the software. The manager should be well conversant with the technology, the process, its benefits and application. This would enable him to derive the maximum benefit from the implementation of the CRM system. Merely knowing how to use the system and be able to generate information is again insufficient. Utilization of data is equally important or rather the most critical part of the system. Dissemination and analysis of information about the customer helps an organization to take effective steps in segmentation. This segmentation is valuable because the company knows where to lay its focus and how to maximize benefits. The customer relationship manager also has a role in empowering and keeping the key personnel motivated because it is the team work and cohesion that matters. The organizational environment is important for the success of the CRM system. Customer information helps to apportion the budgets when the key areas have been identified. Consistent flow of information has to be maintained from the point of origin to the point of action. The manager acts as the bridge between the IT and the marketing department and on him depends the success of the system. It is his responsibility to ensure that all operations with the organization are integrated and functional boundaries do not become barriers to implementation.

Strategic management in Delta Airlines Case Study

Strategic management in Delta Airlines - Case Study Example Aviation industry is regarded highly competitive, requiring technical expertise and safety measures to be adopted.But the core competency that make two similar airlines differentiate are dependent on the role played by customers, people and employees irrespective of machinery and tangible assets. The implications generated through a slight deviation in not meeting the potential needs of general stakeholders could be pervasive, influencing the culture of an organization, its structure and strategies encompassing operational procedures (Appelbaum, & Fewster, 2004). At present Delta Airlines is adept at serving one sixty million clients per annum, offering travel to near three fifty destinations across seventy countries (Delta, 2011). Strategy is being driven in the US aviation sector by two factors that emerged right after the deregulation took place in 1978. One is the worldwide safety concern and the other being the increased perceptions of clients in relation to the services offered by the company. Studies carried out by researchers have revealed that poor service acquisition and accidents in aviation are not always linked to the technical faults yet sometimes there are human factors involved. â€Å"Sub-optimization† or lack of proper management practices with regard to decision making, communication, employee motivation could bring in a rapid turnover in client share, market position, loss of tangible assets possessed by the firm, and in more severe circumstances this could lead to â€Å"loss of life†. ... r mettle in terms of devising the most appropriate strategy for their respective firm that could offer competitive advantage, developing a core competency for the organization. Also the significance of formulating well structured corporate strategies has often been neglected. The conventional nature of strategic management has been perceived as handling employee disputes within the firm and to supervise some of the administrative tasks but with the passage of time HRM has gained the reputation as a phenomenon that affects the overall strategic framework of a company, simultaneously strategic managers also tried to adapt to the changing work environment with the primary thrust being properly implementing well planned initiatives (Swiercz, & Spencer, 1992). In April 1994, Delta Airlines tried to amend its current strategic demeanor by launching â€Å"Leadership 7.5† a programme that benefited the company in terms of gaining excessive profits by curtailing company’s expend iture in comparison to the competition prevalent in the industry. It so happened that emerging company by the name of â€Å"Southwestern Airlines† managed to maintain a firm market share by initiating low cost strategies, that were favored by target customers as they were being offered cheap fare rates by the company. That resulted in a rapid turnover since 1990 in prior established firms including Delta Airlines. For organizations to survive in a globally competitive environment, all key players have to redefine their market strategies with the alternating market situation. The aim is to get the maximum benefit with limited monetary spending Although Delta Airlines excelled in offering full service package to the travelers yet half-filled flights forged it to develop a corporate strategy with the main

Internet browser market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet browser market - Essay Example Google is another type of search engine which currently garners most of the global market share for search engines across the world. Google sites include Google Chrome. Mozilla Firefox, also a popular option for Internet users in the United Kingdom, is an open source web browser. The market shares of the Internet economy in the United Kingdom has undergone significant changes in the past five years. Prior to 2010, the dominant market leader was the Microsoft-owned, internet explorer. However, Google’s Chrome has come to surpass the internet explorer with most recent statistics depicting it as the leader (Haucap and Heimeshoff, 2014, p. 60). As of March 2015, according to statistics by StatCounter, the leading search engines in the internet economy of the United Kingdom is Google sitting comfortably at 50.03 percent followed by the former internet giant internet explorer that has 17.93% of the market. The third market leader is Mozilla Firefox that controls 16.83%of the market followed by safari that controls 9.93%.Opera browsing engine controls 1.68% of the market and is in the fifth position. The five comprise the five market giants with the other least known search engines garnering the remaining 4.6 percent. The type of market structure existing for the search engines in the internet economy of the United Kingdom is the imperfect type of market structure. This type of market economy can also be said to be a monopolistic type of structure. The reason is that the primary market controllers are few (i.e. the five companies mentioned above) with Google Company as the market leader. Furthermore, the number of internet users in the United Kingdom continues growing in number owing to the easy and cheap access to internet providing gadgets such as the mobile phone (Hidalgo and Oviedo, 2014, p. 39). The number is, therefore, Large in comparison to the few companies available that can provide the service. It, therefore, follows that the companies, mainly

Strategic management in Delta Airlines Case Study

Strategic management in Delta Airlines - Case Study Example Aviation industry is regarded highly competitive, requiring technical expertise and safety measures to be adopted.But the core competency that make two similar airlines differentiate are dependent on the role played by customers, people and employees irrespective of machinery and tangible assets. The implications generated through a slight deviation in not meeting the potential needs of general stakeholders could be pervasive, influencing the culture of an organization, its structure and strategies encompassing operational procedures (Appelbaum, & Fewster, 2004). At present Delta Airlines is adept at serving one sixty million clients per annum, offering travel to near three fifty destinations across seventy countries (Delta, 2011). Strategy is being driven in the US aviation sector by two factors that emerged right after the deregulation took place in 1978. One is the worldwide safety concern and the other being the increased perceptions of clients in relation to the services offered by the company. Studies carried out by researchers have revealed that poor service acquisition and accidents in aviation are not always linked to the technical faults yet sometimes there are human factors involved. â€Å"Sub-optimization† or lack of proper management practices with regard to decision making, communication, employee motivation could bring in a rapid turnover in client share, market position, loss of tangible assets possessed by the firm, and in more severe circumstances this could lead to â€Å"loss of life†. ... r mettle in terms of devising the most appropriate strategy for their respective firm that could offer competitive advantage, developing a core competency for the organization. Also the significance of formulating well structured corporate strategies has often been neglected. The conventional nature of strategic management has been perceived as handling employee disputes within the firm and to supervise some of the administrative tasks but with the passage of time HRM has gained the reputation as a phenomenon that affects the overall strategic framework of a company, simultaneously strategic managers also tried to adapt to the changing work environment with the primary thrust being properly implementing well planned initiatives (Swiercz, & Spencer, 1992). In April 1994, Delta Airlines tried to amend its current strategic demeanor by launching â€Å"Leadership 7.5† a programme that benefited the company in terms of gaining excessive profits by curtailing company’s expend iture in comparison to the competition prevalent in the industry. It so happened that emerging company by the name of â€Å"Southwestern Airlines† managed to maintain a firm market share by initiating low cost strategies, that were favored by target customers as they were being offered cheap fare rates by the company. That resulted in a rapid turnover since 1990 in prior established firms including Delta Airlines. For organizations to survive in a globally competitive environment, all key players have to redefine their market strategies with the alternating market situation. The aim is to get the maximum benefit with limited monetary spending Although Delta Airlines excelled in offering full service package to the travelers yet half-filled flights forged it to develop a corporate strategy with the main

Fundament of management Info systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fundament of management Info systems - Essay Example This calls for more mass mails being sent by the company to a large number of prospective customers to ensure at least a good amount of sales from this method. Another issue is that the mails might not be sent due to lack of internet and the mails might contain viruses that might disrupt the end user or recipient’s information system or computer. The mails often end up being treated as spam mails making the intended message not to be effectively conveyed. For the case of thick catalog system, it has been evident that the system is expensive for it to reach numerous prospective customers. Information if not efficiently conveyed using this method because it’s not guaranteed that the respondents will actually turn up and substantive sales realized from the adverts. It is also necessary to buy the list of prospective customers from the government information agencies, a list which sometimes is not up to date. The Applebee’s has applied several good advertising and selling strategies that has made it successful. It has made its advertising campaign more strong and aggressive. It has also shuffled the items on its menu adding some while removing others. It has also embarked on improving its image to attract customers. It has also embarked on aligning its products in such a way that customers get products in specific groups e. g clothes are found in one place while utensils found in another. This strategy is working for them and they are making sales more than ever

GHR Gene Variant Influence on Craniofacial Morphology

GHR Gene Variant Influence on Craniofacial Morphology â€Å"I526L† Growth hormone receptor gene variant and its effect on craniofacial morphology. Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of GHR (Growth Hormone Receptor) gene variant (I526L) on craniofacial morphology. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: The department of orthodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V.Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India. 30 randomly selected subjects, aged 20-30 years who were patients at D.A.P.M.R.V.Dental College Hospital, Bangalore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA was extracted from venous blood samples of all the subjects. The extracted DNA samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction, where amplification of the selected gene segments was done and later these amplified products were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism using HpyCH4V restriction enzyme. Results were documented in specific bands with gel documentation centre. The effects of the gene variant on the 4 craniofacial morphologic parameters of anterior cranial base length, maxillary length, mandibular ramus length/height and mandibular length were obtained from lateral cephalograms and tabulated. Appropriate statistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: The results indicated that the subjects with I526L variant of GHR gene had a significantly greater mandibular ramus height. GHR gene variant I526L could be a genetic marker for mandibular ramus height. KEY WORDS: Craniofacial morphologic parameters, Growth hormone receptor, Polymerase chain reaction, Restriction fragment length polymorphism. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The key to the determination of the etiology of malocclusion, and its treatability lies in the ability to differentiate the effect of genes and environment on the craniofacial skeleton in a particular individual. There are numerous ways in which the variant I526L could affect GHR activity. In addition to potentially causing direct changes in protein function, the variants could affect regulation of GHR, and in either case the variant could act singly or in combination with other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The effect of these SNPs on GHR function and downstream gene expression should be clarified by further study. A study of gene polymorphisms in GHR would be useful in understanding genetic influences on craniofacial morphological determinants and helps in diagnosis and treatment in orthodontics to be delivered at a molecular level. INTRODUCTION: Growth hormone (GH) is a craniofacial morphologic determinant. Genetic influences are important in the determination of mandibular morphology, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) is believed to have an important influence on the growth of craniofacial bones. Responses to systemic GH therapy are time and site dependent in the craniofacial region, increasing growth, particularly in mandibular ramus. The growth hormone receptor gene is located on chromosome 5p13.1-p12 and is 87 Kb long, with 10 exons encoding 620 amino acids .1 Cartilage-mediated growth in the mandibular condyle is known to play an important role in the determination of growth and morphology of the mandible. GH treatment accelerates craniofacial growth, especially in the mandibular condyle where cartilage-mediated growth occurs. GH receptors have been shown to be present in the mandibular condyle.2 A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or a gene variant or a missense mutation is a DNA sequence variation occurring when a single nucleotide A, T, C, or G in the genome differs between members of a species or between paired chromosomes in an individual.Sequence analysis showed that 6 SNPs/gene variants were identifiable in the GHR gene in Chinese population, out of which C422F, P477T, I526L, and P561T are SNPs with significant effects.1 The purpose of this study was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (I526L) in GHR gene and examine the relationship between GHR gene variant I526L and craniofacial morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 randomly selected subjects, aged 20-30 years who were patients at D.A.P.M.R.V.Dental College Hospital, Bangalore. After clearance from ethical committee, venous Blood samples (2ml) were obtained from the subjects with informed consent. Lateral cephalograms of these subjects obtained as a part of routine treatment protocol were used. Method of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction fragment length polymorphism was employed to deduce the genotypes. After collection and storage of blood samples, genomic DNA was isolated and Polymerase Chain Reaction Test was performed using specific primers (rs6180). This was followed by digestion with Restriction Enzymes HpyCH4V.Cephalometric measurements were carried out on standardized lateral cephalograms using Burstone analysis norms3 to measure the craniofacial parameters of anterior cranial base length, maxillary length, mandibular ramus length/height and mandibular length. The results were computed by correlating PCR results with the cephalometric craniofacial measurement values. Statistical analysis using Z test for proportions was carried out to test the level of significance. The Statistical software namely SPSS 11.0 and Systat 8.0 were used for the analysis of the data. RESULTS: The initial PCR product of the GHR gene variant I526L was obtained for the thirty subjects. The size of this PCR product was 602bp. Photograph 1: Initial PCR Product of GHR gene variant I526L (602bp). This was then subjected to digestion with the specific restriction enzyme HpyCH4V for I526L. After digestion, the 602 bp products were completely digested in 16 subjects whereas 14 subjects showed incomplete/no digestion. So the presence of variant I526L was shown in 14 subjects and absence of variant I526L in 16 subjects. Association of the presence or absence of variant I526L with increased, normal and decreased measurements (when compared with norms) of all four craniofacial parameters were tabulated. Table 1: Table comparing the P-values of samples with presence of I526L variant with respect to normal v/s increased, normal v/s decreased and increased v/s decreased mandibular ramus length Graph 1:Presence and absence of variant I526L in samples with normal,increased and decreased ramus height. Out of the four craniofacial parameters investigated association of presence of variant with mandibular ramus height was found to be statistically significant(P=0.002,P DISCUSSION: In the Human Gene Mutation Database, 56 different GHR gene mutations, including 32 missense and nonsense mutations, have been registered.4 In a few reports concerning the effect of GHR gene mutations on craniofacial growth, Chinese Han individuals with a genomic polymorphism at codon 526 of the GHR gene had a greater mandibular ramus length. Presence of variant I526L was seen in 46.67% of the samples. This is in accordance with a study done in Chinese population which showed I526L to have the highest heterozygosity of all the variants i.e 47.6%.1 A significant association was seen with presence of I526L variant and increased ramus height. (P=0.002, 1,5 Evaluation of site specific relationship between various craniofacial morphological determinants and the variant I526L showed significant association of increased ramus height with presence of I526L and this is in accordance with the study done by Zhou et al in Chinese population.1,5 This is also in accordance with a study done on 39 cephalometric variables which are under strong genetic control which showed strong genetic correlation with the vertical parameters.6Since mandibular ramus is the only vertical parameter included in the study it is seen to have a significant correlation with the variants. Further studies with all the four SNPs i.e. C422F, P477T, P561T and I526L can be carried out for a more detailed analysis of their influence on craniofacial morphology . CONCLUSION: This study indicates that subjects with I526L variant of GHR gene had a significantly greater mandibular ramus height. Influence of I526L is site specific as presence of I526L has an influence on increasing ramus height out of the four craniofacial parameters.GHR gene variant I526L could be a genetic marker for mandibular ramus height.

Essay --

Christianity is a monotheistic religion, which means people of that faith believe in one God. Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus. Most Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God, and the savior of humanity. Christians refer to Jesus as Christ, which means Messiah. Christianity is the world’s largest religion consisting of approximately 2.2 billion Christians. There are branches of Christianity, the three primary divisions are Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism. Islam is also a monotheistic religion that believes there is one God. Islam is based on the teachings and normative example of Muhammad, who is considered to be the last prophet of God . People who follow the Islam faith are called Muslims. The Qur’an is the central text of the Islam faith, and Muslims believe it to be a revelation from God. There are two main denominations of Islam. There is Sunni, which is the largest denomination making up 75-90% of all Muslims and Shia, which is the second largest branch with 10-20%. Main Concepts and Beliefs Christianity Christians have a certain set of beliefs, and these beliefs are essential to their faith. Christians believe in the Ten Commandments, which are a set of biblical principals that relate to ethics and worship. They instruct to worship only God, as well as prohibitions against idolatry, blasphemy, adultery, murder and theft. They believe in Jesus Christ and that he is the son of God and the Messiah. Christians believe that Jesus was anointed by God as the savior of humanity. Christians believe that through their belief in and acceptance of the death and resurrection of Jesus, humans that commit sin can be reconciled to God and then can be offered salvation and the promise ... ... to follow guidelines of something they might not completely understand. Young people are more consumed by technology today than ever before. This gives them access and answers to any questions they might have about religion, which allows for more doubt to penetrate their minds. More and more people are becoming open minded to other peoples lifestyles, but Christianity looks at this as a sin. People who accept others have begun to question why the Church can’t do the same, and thus they turn their back on their religion. Islam Islam is a growing religion, however there are still closed minded people in the world, and in Canada. The Quebec government wants to pass a law that states government employees will not be allowed to wear religious symbols to work. This seems to set Canada back years as a country that is supposed to accepting of all people and all faiths.

to have and have not :: essays research papers

My book is "To have and have not" by Ernest Hemingway. He is by far my favorite author, he is a bit racist though. He tells the story of Harry Morgan in this book. It is a dramatic peice of fiction that deals with trhe issue of a mans choice bettween killing or letting his family starve. He does everything in his to feed his family. He begins rum-running bettween Cuba and Key West. That is the reason that his boat gets seized by the Coast Guard. He has this ship mate who he calls a certian word over and over. It is sad that life is so hard for him. In part one Harry Morgan is running a fishing charter operation. He is in the bar waiting for the charter to arrive. He is approached by 3 cubans who speak good english. They talk and they ask him to take them some where I think Cuba. They offer him a thousand a peice he tells them he cant take them. The big one starts to get angry with him. He threatens to slit Harry's throat and then he calms down. Harry tells them no and finially they head twoard the door. As they walked out the door a closed car drove up and had a shoot out with them they all were killed. Harry went down to the docks to wait at his boat for the charter but they were already on board. The charterer was a guy named Johnson and he brought a rummy along with him. Harry takes them fishing and they lose his equipment. When the next mourning comes Johnson is nowhere to be seen he skips oput on paying Morgan for the equipment or the bill. This is where the plot complicates you see he now has no fishing buisness so he has to find another way to feed his family. So he does odd jobs here and there. He meets up with a man called Mr. Sing. He was a chink. He wanted Harry to transport something for him. He also wants harry to carry some men for him. Harry agrees and takes the two hundred dollars.

Discuss the nature and quality of make-belief play Essay

Discuss the nature and quality of make-belief play, and the particular ways in which it relates to drama.  Drama in education requires an atmosphere of ‘playfulness’. We must be prepared to play with ideas, our bodies, voice, self and others. Young children do this naturally, learning by thrilling experience of living. Children ‘make’ their world in ways not dissimilar from theatrical form. Children’s play and theatre can be seen as constituting two ends of a continuum. These are theatre games and theatre. Drama in education inhabits the area in between. It can move towards the play end, where very young children are engaging in drama that is close to their own form of free play. The difference, however, is that it takes place as a result of teacher intervention, in that the teacher locates the drama activity in a particular aspect of living. Older students may work very close to the ‘theatre’ end of the continuum, where performance skills and communicative intention are paramount. At any one time, the teacher of drama needs to know at what point on the continuum she/he is working. For young children, dramatic play provides a journey into the world of â€Å"let’s pretend,† where they can readily transform themselves into the role of any character they choose. A story can be created as a script, often with a theme, where expressive actions convey a sequence of events that construct the plot. Whether the style of drama appears connected to occupations such as being a fire-fighter, a community happening such as a big snowstorm, or a fictional representation of The Three Bears, children are actors, producers, directors and set designers. By engaging in meaningful dialogue, their language and non-verbal gestures gradually reveal what they know and what they want to express. Dramatic play benefits children in all developmental areas. As children engage in fantasy play, they re-live experiences by symbolically imitating what they observe around them. Through children’s interpersonal relationships within socio-dramatic play, opportunities arise for in-depth thinking such as imagining, recalling, reasoning and negotiating (Vygotsky). By exploring life’s situations from the community and home, a child can re-create an identity that fulfils personal emotional needs and desires. The compelling urge to become physically powerful and socially dominant is fulfilled when a child adopts the role of a superheroine such as Princess Xena .While a traumatic family event can be played out as therapeutic drama when a child transfers inner feelings of rejection or hostility towards dolls or soft toys. The need for reassurance can be provided in dramatic play when a child knows it is acceptable to take on the role of being a baby, so that any sense of displacement, caused by the arrival of a new sibling within the family, is eased. Children have the freedom to be active and spontaneous in dramatic play, because, as Eden says, â€Å"it can be undertaken without regard for external goals and sanctions.†

Culturally Resposive Teaching Essay

In this essay I will use the given scenario to analyse and critique the teaching practice it outlines, drawing on the learning theories and themes outlined in the Professional Practice paper to explain and validate my ideas and thinking. I will consider the approaches in the scenario and offer alternatives, justifying my opinions with reference to theory, literature and my own emerging philosophy. Throughout my essay I will give consideration to the use of culturally responsive and inclusive pedagogy, demonstrating an understanding of the role Treaty of Waitangi within this practice. Throughout the scenario the theory of behaviourism is reflected in the teachers practice. Behaviourism sees learning as the establishing of connections between two events, and theorists view environmental factors as influential to behaviour. This sort of associative learning is called classical conditioning (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2009). This theory is reflected in the teacher’s classroom management practice when the students all move outside to begin their day with a jump-jam session immediately after the bell rings, with no verbal instruction given by the teacher. It is also evident when they move back into class and sit and wait for the teacher, again with no verbal instruction issued. Another example of behaviourism theory is shown when the teacher uses reinforcement and punishment, known, as operant conditioning when she comments on Mark and Cathy’s jump jam prowess as a form of motivation. Behaviourism theory is also evident when the teacher is issuing instructions and displaying the timetable on the whiteboard as the directions are teacher lead. Within the realms of classroom management the strengths of behaviourism are obvious; the children know the sequence of events and can move from one activity to the next with little disruption and classroom management is, as described by Wong, Wong, Rogers & Brooks (2012), ‘a set of procedures that structure the classroom so the students know what to do, how to do it, and when to do it†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (p. 61). This could, I believe be disconcerting for new or diverse students and to act in a more culturally responsive manner I would advocate a pictorial display to aid understanding (Davis, 2012). I feel whilst using the reward/punishment technique during the jump jam may have motivated Cathy, who received positive reinforcement, the negative comments issued by the teacher certainly demotivated Mark. This criticism clearly affect Mark’s self-efficacy and as a result his motivation was lessened (Le Francois, 2000). I would have been inclined to direct my motivational techniques towards the class as a whole and perhaps let Mark and Cathy motivate the class by allowing them to take joint responsibility for the running of the ‘Jump Jam’ programme for that day (Hill & Hawke, 2000), using the constructivism theory, this, I believe would have been more motivating as the learner is actually involved in the learning process. I also believe the teacher missed an opportunity to incorporate the MÄ ori learning theory of Ako, reciprocal learning. Instead of leading the ‘Jump Jam’ herself she could have facilitated this by allowing Cathy and Mark to lead the session (Bishop, 2008). The humanist approach to learning is also evident in many areas of the teachers practice presented in the scenario. The Humanist approach to learning focuses on the child’s whole self, looking after the social and emotional needs of the learner as well as their cognitive abilities. For example children’s basic needs of safety, shelter, food, love and respect must be met before their academic needs can be addressed (Krause, et al, 2012). During the scenario the teacher is chatting to the students before school, in doing this she is showing she is interested in them as people thus creating a supportive relationship between herself and her learners. This relationship, the humanist theory suggests, will motivate her students and is ‘the key to effective education’ (Krause, et al, 2012, p. 233). Within the theme of classroom management the humanist theory is applied as the teacher allows the students to discuss the roles and responsibilities and the tasks that w ill need to be outlined to make camp go smoothly. She is inviting the students to be part of the process and taking a non-directive role, listening to the students’ ideas and involving them in the learning process, and in turn boosting their self-esteem. I believe that the teacher applied the humanist theory to her classroom management skills when she used the rhetorical question to redirect Clark. However, in my opinion this would have been an ideal opportunity to allow the MÄ ori boys to have a voice and encourage them to share their knowledge and learning style with the class, regarding the cooking of eels, showing respect for their culture (Le Francois, 2000). She would also have shown cultural responsiveness and demonstrated her understanding of the Treaty principle of partnerships as outlined by the Ministry of Education (2012). In critique, I also feel that the teacher could have used the humanist approach in her classroom management skills to ensure that the Somali girls have a better understanding of what a recreat ional camp entails. The girls emotional needs have not been met as they clearly have no understanding of what a New Zealand school camp is like thus are frightened and unsure so they are not engaged in the pre-camp tasks (Le Francois, 2000). Personally, I would have made sure I knew about the girls backgrounds before they came to school. This would have enabled me to develop a supportive relationship, perhaps giving the girls the confidence to approach me with their concerns and allowed me to alleviate their fears concerning camp. The social constructivist learning theory is defined as being learner centred with the learner actively involved in the process and underpinned by social interaction. Different learners will learn in different ways to suit their individual needs. Language is also an important aspect of this theory, as it is through language that the learner will construct their new ideas (Krause et al., 2000). In the scenario the teacher uses the social constructivist approach to classroom management when she invites the children to brainstorm the safety rules for the cookout. In allowing them to co-construct the rules by discussion and social interaction she is actively encouraging the use of a collaborative approach. In using this approach the teacher is allowing the students to ‘brainstorm for prior knowledge’ (Cobb, Forbes & Lee, 2012). This theory is also evident in the teacher’s instructions for the camp diaries as she allows the students time to reflect on what they would like to include in their journals and also how they would like to present them. In encouraging the use of pictures and diagrams she has allowed those who may not be able to contribute by writing an opportunity to contribute. This is an example of ‘learning for all’ (Barker, 2008) and is facilitated by the teacher in incorporating the diverse learning styles of her students (p. 31). This approach shows that she has an understanding of the participation principle outlined in the Treaty of Waitangi, which states that all students be given equal opportunity to contribute (M.O.E, 2012). Social constructivism is also apparent during pair and group activities where the students are participating in peer assisted learning and assessment when testing each other on their vocabulary. The teacher further applies this theory when she collaborates with the students by calling them to her desk and scaffolding their learning. This approach gives students self-governance over their learning and can be beneficial as it allows students to choose a style that suits their particular needs. However, in the scenario it was apparent that some students were off task and I feel that the students may have benefited from a more humanist approach to classroom management and would have moved around the classroom and offered help and looking to scaffold students where necessary. Cultural responsiveness is evident at various points throughout the scenario and the teacher demonstrates this when she attempts to include all cultural groups in the camp concert. I would critique this by pointing out that, although this may show she is culturally aware, it does not imply that she has any cultural understanding as the Somali girls are ill informed about the concept of ‘camp’ and can only draw on their own experience of what a camp means to them. When the Somali girls displayed concern for what camp meant a suggestion would be for the teacher to facilitate sharing of prior knowledge and understandings early on in the lesson. This would have potentially allowed for the Somali girls fears and concerns to be alleviated , thus addressing their emotional needs and allowing them to move on with their learning. Doing so would have aligned with a humanistic approach by considering their interconnected needs as a whole person. Cultural responsive pedagogy also requires the teacher to reflect on their practice (Gay, 2000). This practice is observed when the teacher contemplates ringing the Somali girls’ parents to offer them support and explanations regarding the school camp. If practicing culturally relevant pedagogy the teacher would, Fraser & Paraha (2002) point out ‘take the personal concerns of students seriously and examine social issues with them that were drawn on the students’ cultural positionings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (p. 57). Furthermore, I believe a behaviourist approach to classroom management when allowing the girls to research on the computer, perhaps giving them some pre viewed websites to explore, may have enabled Aaheli to feel that her culture was valued. The outcome in the scenario could well have made her feel ostracised and even made the other girls become culturally biased. Throughout the scenario reference is made to the ethnicity of groups of students who seem to stay in these cultural groups within the classroom. The teacher doesn’t appear to interact with the Somali girls at all and the MÄ ori boys only receive a negative response when they show enthusiasm for aspects of camp. Although the students can learn cross-cultural understanding from personal experience I would advocate using the social constructivist approach to cultural responsiveness and model good practice to my students by using inclusive and cultural responsive pedagogy inviting the MÄ ori boys to demonstrate their cooking skills and perhaps going a step further than the teacher in the scenario and actively encouraging the parents of the Somali girls to attend camp meetings (Whyte, 2008). The teacher did, however, collaborate with a parent and invited them in to help with the preparation of the camp concert, promoting the concept of Whanaungatanga (M.O.E, 2011). Furthermore, I believe this pedagogy would encompass the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi as outlined by the M.O.E. (2012) as partnership, protection and participation. This essay has used the scenario and analysed and critiqued the teaching practices it outlines by drawing on the learning theories and themes outlined in the professional practice paper using them to validate ideas and thinking. It has considered the approaches in the scenario and offered alternatives, justifying these opinions with reference to theories, literature an emerging philosophy of my own. Throughout the essay I have given consideration to the use of culturally responsive and inclusive pedagogy and demonstrated an understanding of the Treaty of Waitangi. References Barker, M. (2008). How do people learn?: Understanding the learning process. In C. McGee & D. Fraser (Eds.), The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 17-43). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage. Bishop, R. (2010). A culturally responsive pedagogy of relations. In C. McGee & D. Fraser (Eds.). The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 154-172). Victoria, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd. Cobb, D., Forbes, D., & Lee, P. (2012). Lecture 1: TEPS222-12C (NET) [PowerPoint slides]. Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato. Davis, B., M. (2012). How to teach students who don’t look like you: Culturally responsive teaching strategies (2nd Ed.). California, U.S.A: Corwin. Fraser, D., & Paraha, H. (2002). Curriculum integration as treaty praxis. Waikato Journal of Education, 8, 57-70. Gay, G. (2000) Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research and practice. New York, U.S.A: Teachers College Press. Hill, J., & Hawk, K. (2000, November). Four conceptual clues to motivating students: Learning from practice of effective teachers in low decile, multicultural schools. A paper presented to the NZARE Conference, Waikato, New Zealand. Krause, K., Bochner, S., Duchesne, S., & McMaugh, A. (2010). Educational psychology for learning and teaching (3rd Ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Limited. Le Francois, G. (2000). Psychology for teaching (10th Ed.). Calfornia, U.S.A: Wadsworth. Ministry of Education. (2011). TÄ taiako: Cultural competencies for teachers of MÄ ori learners. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. (2012). The New Zealand curriculum update 16. [Professional practice and inquiry 2: Strategies for effective teaching, course resource]. Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato. Online reference TEPS222-12C (NET). Papalia, D., Olds, S., & Feldman, R. (2009 ). Human Development (11th ed.). New York, U.S.A: McGraw Hill. Whyte, B. (2010). Culturally diverse classrooms and communities. In C. McGee & D. Fraser (Eds.). The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 173-186). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage. Wong, H., Wong, R., Rogers, K., & Brooks, A. (2012). Managing Your Classroom for Success. Science & Children, 49(9), 60-64.

Greenhouse Effect Is the Result of Deforesting

Can you imagine our world facing everyday hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, climate change, extinction caused indirectly by human activities? Yes, you can because it is happening right now while you are staying here in the classroom. A few days ago, Japan has been devastating by a massive earthquake of 8. 9 magnitudes, followed by a powerful force of a tsunami. Some scientists will say that it is a natural disaster and we have nothing to do with it, other will say that human activities help to accelerate these natural phenomenons.Human footprint has left behind him not only a new era of technology’s revolution, but also the destruction of nature. Today, environmental concern such as the growth of carbon emission in the atmosphere seems of high importance in global news. The greenhouse effect continues to increase rapidly and meanwhile accelerate global warming. In fact, your car, your house and even your air conditioning are used to produce energy and, meanwhile, used to enha nce greenhouse effect. Indeed, human activities such as burning fossils fuels contribute to accelerate the natural phenomenon of greenhouse effect on Earth.More carbon dioxide in the air, more infrared rays are being trapped in the Earth and as a result temperature increased. Can you imagine living with a high temperature? Believe it or not, but this happened. In 2005, Las Vegas has almost reached 50oC, a temperature record in North America in 21st century. Although, many scientists believe that the Earth has always had natural disaster. Nonetheless, it is not a coincidence if the number of natural disaster increases while the number of human activities increases. We play a major role on the vulnerability of natural disaster. The whole world is interconnected. Climate change doesn't just affect the atmosphere and the oceans but the earth's crust as well. ’’ said Professor Bill McGuire of University College London. He also added that â€Å"When the ice is lost, the ear th's crust bounces back up again and that triggers earthquakes, which trigger submarine landslides, which cause tsunamis†. According to experts, human activities influence the equilibrium of nature. We must begin to consider the consequences of greenhouse effect. We must begin to preserve our nature. We must begin to stop deforesting. We must begin to see life in green.In every consciousness of human beings, we must find an ecological thinking. Men, women, children, human beings of this planet, we must begin to recognize the alarming situation of our environment and together work to solve it. For the sake of our lives and for future generation, it is time we stopped ignoring our responsibility on the environment. Today, we can change and this will certainly serve as a milestone in our environment. Thank you We must stop pointing others, and see that our three other fingers are pointing ourselves, because we are the one who can change things.