The Emotional Intelligence Test, Decision Making - 1270 Words

Leadership style is significant in creating organizational success and being an effective leader. A person’s leadership style is dependent upon a variety of circumstances such as, biases, decision-making abilities, situation, environment, culture, gender, emotional intelligence, and personality. Effective leadership can induce process improvement and performance, maintain a viable gain, and is a strong foundation for organizational development (Jing, Avery, 2016). Research suggests that leadership style and high levels of emotional intelligence is positively associated with employee performance and organizational success (San Lam O Higgins, 2012). To develop one’s personal leadership style, it is important to be introspective. This†¦show more content†¦The PEDW individual weaknesses include having a weak understanding and acceptance of their emotions and personality, no self-awareness, struggles with immediate emotions, does not easily deal with conflict, and rarely tries to reach higher goals than ones initially set up. Decision-Making Assessment The MindTools Decision-Making assessment results: 59, decision-making process is OK. There is good understanding of the basics of decision-making, but there is a need for process improvement, increase ability to be more proactive, and development of a decision-making system that will work for a variety of situations. The quiz was based on six essential decision-making steps: establishing a positive decision-making environment, generating potential solutions, evaluating the solutions, deciding, checking the decision, and communicating and implementing. In order to develop and increase decision-making success, each step must be evaluated for specific areas to improve skills and knowledge. Establishing a Positive Decision-Making Environment The score for this step was 65%. In this stage, everyone must correctly identify and understand the issue at hand, establish the common goal, and have agreement upon the method to implement the decision. The environment must be free of interpersonal issues, create ground rules for respect, honesty, and openness. Last, assure all necessary stakeholders areShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence: Personal Test Results1188 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence Personal Test Results The snapshot results from the Queendom emotional intelligence (EQ) test indicate a score of 69 in emotional identification, perception and expression. The test consisted of 146 questions designed to assess an individuals capacity to recognize their own emotions and those of others, understand how to best motivate yourself, establish relationships and manage personal feelings as well as those of others. The results indicate I am reasonably skilledRead MoreEssay on Emotional Intelligence 2.0 Summary and Assessment826 Words   |  4 Pagesbook, Emotional Intelligence 2.0, provides an alternative approach to how a person achieves success. This book does not focus on the conventional determinant of success, such as formal education and training, experience, and intelligence level (IQ). Although all these components contribute greatly to ones achievement of success, these factors are not the only factors to be considered in whether a person will be successful or not. This book focuses on the concept that it refers to as emotional intelligenceRead MoreThe Protection Of Title Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 19641135 Words   |  5 Pagesareas such as reproduction, contraception, abortion and marriage. There are no Supreme Court cases which specifically pertain to privacy issues that arise from employee testing, however certain legal scholars have advanced the idea that personality tests should be considered under the Fourth Amendment Search and Seizure Clause. The claim is based on the position that job applicants should have the expectation of privacy from personal questions that are largely not job-related which could constituteRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Performance And The World Of Academia Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional Intelligence Introduction Traditionally, the applicant with the higher Intelligence Quotients (IQs) places first in the employment arena. However, Human Resource Managers indicate that candidates with high IQs, but less than desirable Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ) may be questionable in job performance and the world of academia. The purpose of this paper is to define, discuss, and provide examples of emotional intelligence and theories significant to the subject. AdditionallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Alfred Binet And Lewis Terman On Intelligence Testing1696 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches to intelligence testing there are some similarities amongst the two. One such similarity would be regarding content. Alfred Binet’s approach to intelligence testing consisted of tests that ranged in difficulty levels from easy to hard. These tests required one to demonstrate his or her own cognitive ability, decision making, and verbal skills. Lewis Terman’s approach to intelligence testing was an updated version of Binet’s. Terman also used cognitive ability, decision making, and verbalRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is sometimes referred to as EI or EQ. In their article, Colfax, Rivera Perez (2010) stated that â€Å"Regardless though of how it is referred to, emotional intelligence (EQ) is concerned with understanding oneself and others, relating to people, and adapting to and coping with the immediate surroundings to be more successful in dealing with environmental demands† (pg 90). This statement helps us to recognize that understanding emotional intelligenceRead MorePersonal Statement On Emotional Intelligence1593 Words   |  7 Pages Emotional Intelligence Tanveer Vora 1610793 University Canada West Professor: Dr. Michele Vincenti MGMT601 Leadership in the Global Context 16th January 2017 Abstract The paper discusses about the emotional intelligence, which has various factors. The factors are self awareness, motivation, self regulation, social skills and empathy. In case of effective leadership, these factors plays major role. However, emotional intelligence is teachable to improve the personal skills and personality.Read MoreEmotional Intelligence1076 Words   |  5 Pageslevel of smartness or intelligence can be found pretty straightforwardly by a score on a measurement of intelligence such as an IQ test. Find a pen or pencil, have a seat, and take an IQ test. Even better, look one up on the internet. Hours†¦or even minutes later you will receive a score that supposedly tells you how smart you actually are. â€Å"Based on these results, you are ______ smart.† The emphasis is on smart and how well a person’s mental capacity is captured in writing, on a test. Is this really howRead MoreEmotional Intelligence ( Ei ) And Decision Making ( Dm )1123 Words   |   5 PagesThe newest additions to leadership and the traits organizations now seek out to includes Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Decision-Making (DM). Acknowledging the transformation of emotions from a negative unwanted factor to a positive, successful factor in organizational terms is essential in today s’ job market. Moreover, today’s organizational view, EI is indispensable to the effectiveness of leadership (Fambrough, Hart, 2008). The fact that employees with high EI build solid organizationalRead MoreDecision Making, And Leadership : A Self Assessment1125 Words   |  5 PagesEI, Decision-Making, and Leadership: A Self-Assessment The newest additions to leadership and the traits organizations now seek out includes Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Decision-Making (DM). Acknowledging the transformation of emotions from a negative unwanted factor to a positive, successful factor in organizational terms is essential in today s’ job market. Moreover, today’s organizational view, EI is indispensable to the effectiveness of leadership (Fambrough, Hart, 2008). The fact that

Louisiana Purchase - 1013 Words

#65279;Louisiana Purchase I believe that the Louisiana Purchase was one of the greatest impacts on American society because of the large amount of land and how it helped our economy. In this report you will see how lucky that the United States is to have obtained this large piece of land from France. Their are many reasons why Napoleon had to sell this large piece of land. Napoleon thought that this land could be a great asset to the French if they knew what to do with it. He didnt want to sell the Louisiana territory because he still had dreams of having a French empire in America. At this point in time Napoleons dream would never come true because France was almost always at war. They didnt have enough troops to go†¦show more content†¦The Louisiana territory was purchased by Thomas Jefferson from Napoleon on July 14, 1803. The total cost of the whole Louisiana Purchase was about fifteen million dollars. That is about two cents an acre. This land was a very rich farmland that produced many crops. Included in the in the Louisiana Purchase was New Orleans and Floridas two big sea ports. The New Orleans sea port is in the Gulf of Mexico; it imports and exports foreign and domestic goods every day. As I have stated before this is a very big piece of land. This land stretched as far west as the Rocky Mountains and all the way north to Canada. It goes to the Mississippi in the east and down in the south to the Gulf of Mexico. There is 827,987 square miles (2,144,476 square kilometers) of land. All this land today makes up parts of 15 states including: Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana. The most important dates of the purchase are when they were signed and who they were signed by.Concluded at Paris, Aprill30,1803;Ratification advised by the Senate October 20,1803; Ratified by the President October21,1803; Ratifications exchanged at Washington October 21,1803; Proclaimed October21,1803.These dates are when it was looked over and then it was signed. In conclusion I think that this could have been the most important thing thatShow MoreRelatedLouisiana Purchase And The Louisiana1535 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant occurrence happened. The purchase of 827,000 square miles of land for approximately 4 cents an acre or 15 million dollars was made. This purchase was unlike any other, for it would have the most importance of any other purchase made in the United States. It is referred to as the Louisiana Purchase. The land that was purchased was known as the Louisiana Territory. Also, this territory wasn’t just bought. It was exchanged, for an important reason. The Louisiana Purchase is known as one of the mostRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase1275 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the Louisiana Purchase was made by Thomas Jefferson in 1802, nobody in the United States knew anything about the territory. Everyone had to know more about the huge land grant that was just purchased by the U.S. People took the challenge and went out to see the great land. Famous explorers are known for their exploration of the Lo uisiana Purchase. Two famous explorers are known by many, Lewis and Clark. Although, there is one explorer that is less known but explored just as much area as LewisRead MoreThe Legacy Of Louisiana Purchase1286 Words   |  6 PagesLouisiana Purchase, more prominently known as an acquisition that doubled the size of the country we reside in, was much more than just a simple purchase, much less an easy one. Thomas Jefferson had to consider all the aspects, consequences, and effects that the decision of buying 2,144,500 square kilometers of land would have on the country (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 1). This purchase brought many improvements to the country, but also had unexpected consequences that would transform the countryRead MoreThe Purchase Of Louisiana Posed Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesName: Title: Institution: Personal Responsibility The Purchase of Louisiana posed several important moral dilemmas for American President Thomas Jefferson; among these were the means of achieving Republican government states’ rights and strict constructionism which he relented. Constructionist and a strong supporter of states rights and, therefore, the action of purchasing Louisiana presented a moral dilemma, he was either to stick to his principle or compromise and save the Republican governmentRead MoreLouisiana Purchase Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe Louisiana Purchase was the most influential and important land purchases in American history. The acquired land in this historical purchase proved to far outweigh what most Americans at the time could imagine. The Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the size of the United States, and lead to many great discoveries and societal benefits. Some of the major and most prominent ways that the Louisiana Purchase influenced the evolution of American were the expeditions of L ouis and Clark on theRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase1215 Words   |  5 Pagessignificantly with the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase added 828,000 square miles which doubled the land area of the United States (history.com 1). The importance of the Louisiana Purchase can be best appreciated by understanding why this purchase was considered significant to the United States, why France agreed to sell such a sizable amount of land, and how the Louisiana Purchase changed the United States forever. The United States was interested in the purchase of Louisiana for a number ofRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase By Thomas Jefferson1129 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout the endeavor of the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase is highly regarded as the greatest achievement of American expansion since the establishment of the country. This transaction between France and America gave the necessary requirements to recover and even advance the weak U.S. economy. America paid France $15 million for an estimated 800,000 acres of land; making this the largest land deal in history. Despite the many advantages that the Louisiana Purchase had to offer, Thomas JeffersonRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase: Unconstitutional or Not? Essay558 Words   |  3 Pagessense of public spending. In the case of the Louisiana Purchase many political figures at the time it was created, as well as historians argue whether or not it was in fact a violation of the Constitution or not. This debate is still ongoin g, but in order to analyze whether the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional or not, one must analyze the sequence of events leading to the acquisition of the territory by the United States. The Louisiana Purchase appeared to be the only solution to the UnitedRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase : The United States967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase is one of the most important historic events in America. It changed the course of history, raising America’s rank in the world. It all began at a time where the western half of modern day America was not occupied. During the early nineteenth century, Napoleon Bonaparte had intentions to create a new French Empire in the new world. His plan was to take away America’s ability to use the Mississippi River. Thomas Jefferson, president at the time, wasRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase Shaping America1213 Words   |  5 Pages The Louisiana Purchase shaping America Christopher Richeson East Forsyth High School Mrs. Callendar American History 4th Period December 15, 2015 Abstract The Louisiana Purchase was a major event in the growth of the United States of America. Purchased from France for 15 million by Thomas Jefferson in 1803, it gave America twice the available land, adding 827,000 square miles. Some may argue the Louisiana Purchase is unconstitutional, but Jefferson found a way around that. The

HECUBA Essay Example For Students

HECUBA Essay A monologue from the play by Euripides NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Plays of Euripides in English, vol. i. Trans. Shelley Dean Milman. London: J.M. Dent Sons, 1920. HECUBA: Not oneExists, whose sorrows equal mine, unlessYou of Calamity herself would speak.Yet hear the motive why I clasp your knees.If I appear to merit what I suffer,I must be patient; but if not, avengeMy wrongs upon the man who gainst his guestSuch treachery could commit, who, nor the godsOf Erebus beneath, nor those who ruleIn Heaven above regarding, this vile deedDid perpetrate, een he with whom I oftPartook the feast, on whom I showered each bounty,Esteeming him the first of all my friends;Yet, when at Ilions palace with respectHe had been treated, a deliberate schemeOf murder forming, he destroyed my son,On whom he deigned not to bestow a tomb,But threw his corse into the briny deep.Though I indeed am feeble, and a slave,Yet mighty are the gods, and by their lawThe world is ruled: for by that law we learnThat there are gods, and can mark out the boundsOf justice and injustice; if such lawTo you transmitted, be infringed, if theyWho kill their guests, or dare with impious han dTo violate the altars of the gods,Unpunished scape, no equity is leftAmong mankind. Deeming such base connivanceUnworthy of yourself, revere my woes,Have pity on me, like a painter takeYour stand to view me, and observe the numberOf my afflictions; once was I a queen,But now am I a slave; in many a sonI once was rich, but now am I both oldAnd of my children reft, without a city,Forlorn, and of all mortals the most wretched.That band of my heroic sons is now no more,Myself a captive, am led forth to tasksUnseemly, and een now these eyes beholdThe air obscured by Ilions rising smoke.It might be vain perhaps, were I to foundA claim to your assistance on your love:Yet must I speak: my daughter, who in TroyWas called Cassandra, the prophetic dame,Partakes your bed; and how those rapturous nightsWill you acknowledge, or to her showYour gratitude for all the fond embracesWhich she bestows, O king, or in her steadTo me her mother? In the soul of manTh endearments of the night, by darkness veiled,Create the strongest interest. To my taleNow listen: do you see that breathless corse?Each act of kindness which to him is shown,Upon a kinsman of the dame you loveWill be conferred. But, in one point my speechIs yet deficient. By the wondrous artsOf D?dalus, or some benignant god,Could I give voice to each arm, hand, and hair,And each extremest joint, they round your kneesShould cling together, and together weep,At once combining with a thousand tongues.O monarch, O thou light of Greece, comply,And stretch forth that avenging arm to aidAn aged woman, though she be a thingOf nought, O succour: for the good mans dutyIs to obey the dread behests of justice,And ever punish those who act amiss.

Supply and Demand and Marginal Cost free essay sample

Demand function for air travel between the U. S. and Europe has been estimated to be: ln Q = 2. 737 1. 247 ln P +1. 905 ln I where Q denotes number of passengers (in thousands) per year, P the (average) ticket price and I the U. S. national income. Determine the price elasticity and income elasticity of demand (8 points). From Lecture Module 3 Equation 4 we learned the alternative formulation of elasticity. Alternative formulation of elasticity EP = dQ/dP * P/Q = dlnQ/dlnP Natural log: ln, uses the base â€Å"e† How? ?lnQ/? lnP =(d lnQ/dQ) * (dQ/dP) * (dP/dlnP) [ Note: dY/dX = 1/(dX/dY) since, dlnX/dX = 1/X, dX/dlnX = X] Example: Q = AP-? A:Constant0 lnQ=lnA + ln(P-? ) =lnA – ? lnP EP = dlnQ/dlnP = -? ? =? lnQ/? lnP ? =P/Q* (? Q/? K) = Elasticity The coefficients of double log model are the corresponding elasticity Price elasticity = -1. 247 Income elasticity = 1. 905 (1ii) It has been estimated that the price elasticity of demand for U. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand and Marginal Cost or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. manufactured automobiles is -1. 2, while the income elasticity of demand is 2. 0 and the cross price elasticity of demand with respect to the foreign automobiles is 1. 5. The current volume of sales for U. S. manufactured automobiles is 10 million per year. It is expected that over the next year the average income of the consumers in the U. S. will increase by 2. 5 percent. It has been determined that the price of the foreign imports will increase by 6% over the next year. By how much should the U. S. automakers adjust the price of their automobiles if they wish to increase the volume of their sales by 9. 2% next year (8 points)? Price elasticity = -1. 2 Income elasticity = 2 Cross price elasticity = 1. 5 Current volume = 10 million 2. 5% Average income increase We know from Module 3 created by Dr. Ghosh that: EP = %? Qx / %? Px, where only Px changes %? Qx = EP * %? Px if only Px changes Exy = %? Qx / %? Py, where only Py changes %? Qx = Exy * %? Py, if only Py changes EI = %? Qx / %? I, where only Income changes %? Qx = * EI %? I, if only Income changes Total % ? in Demand, %? Qx = EP * %? Px % + Exy * %? Py + EI * %? I We want the new Total % ? in Demand (%? Qx) = 9. 2%. Applying this highlighted formula we can calculate the % change in price for US automobiles to obtain a 9. 2% increase in demand: 9. 2 = -1. 2*%? Px(what we want to solve for) + 1. 5*6 + 2*2. 5 X=4% (1iii) Bright Future, Ltd (BF) is a nonprofit foundation providing medical treatment to emotionally distressed children. BF has hired you as a business consultant to design an employment policy that would be consistent with its goal of providing the maximum possible service given its limited financial resources. You have determined that the service (Z) provided by BF is a function of its medical staff input (M) and sound service input (S) which is given by: Z = M + . 5S + . 5 MS S2 BF’s staff budget for the coming year is $1,200,000. Annual employment costs are $30,000 for each social service staff member (S) and $60,000 for each medical staff member (M). (1iiia) Using the Lagrangean multiplier approach calculate the optimal (i. e. , service maximizing) combination of medical and social staff. Determine the optimal amount of service provided by BF (32 points). Objective function: Z = M + . 5S + . 5 MS – S2 Constraint: 30000S+60000M = 1200000 Lagrangian: L = M + . 5S + . 5 MS S2+? [1200000-30000S-60000M] First we need to calculate the first order conditions from the objective function: dL/dS = 0 implies 0. 5+0. 5M-2S = 30000? or 0. 5+0. 5M-2S-30000? =0 dL/dM = 0 implies 1+0. 5S=60000? or 1+0. 5S-60000? =0 dL/d? = 0 implies 30000S+60000M = 1,200,000 or 30000S+60000M-1,200,000=0 Next we need to equate dL/dS = dL/dM 60000*(0. 5+0. 5M-2S) = 30000*(1+0. 5S) 30000+30000*M-1,200,000S = 30000+15000S M = 4. 5S Substituting this value into the last equation of dL/d? 30000S+60000*4. 5S = 1,200,000 S= 4 = Social Staff M* = 4. 5*4 = 18 = Medical Staff Z = M + . 5S + . 5 MS S2 Z= 18+0. 5*4+0. 5*18*4-42 = 40 = Optimal amount of service (1iiib) Calculate BF’s marginal cost. Explain your answer. Dr. Ghosh†¦I couldn’t find much in our text regarding the interpretation of this in relation to MC. I did find that the multiplier should equate to the marginal cost from research online and inferred from the definition of the multiplier itself in your notes. Applying this, I believe the marginal cost would be calculated as follows: BF’s Marginal Cost = The reciprocal of Lagrangian multiplier Using equation calculated in problem above: ? = 1+0. 5S/60000 = (1+0. 5*4)/60000 = 0. 00005 = 1/0. 00005 = $20000 = BF’s Marginal Cost (1ciii) Using Excel-Solver verify your answer to (a). (Show your work. Show the spreadsheets in detail. Provide print outs with Solver window. To print the solver window, use print screen command on your key board and then create a MS Word document using paste. (12 points) Snapshot: Clickable Excel spreadsheet detailing work: (1iv) The own price elasticity of demand for a pack of cigarettes is estimated to be -. 4. Current price and consumption are $4. 00 and 2 million units per year. Assuming a linear demand relationship determine the demand equation for cigarettes. Show all your calculations (12 points). From Module 3 created by Dr. Ghosh we can determine the following: If we believe that the demand equation can be captured by a straight line graph, then we can proceed as follows to estimate a linear demand function. Let the demand equation be described by the following linear equation, Q=a bP where a0, b0 Our task is to estimate the parameters a and b. From the definition of EP we can write, EP = (? Qx/? Px) * Px/Qx Current Price = P = $4 Current quantity sold = 2,000,000 Ep= -. 4 From the definition of Ep we can write, EP = (? Qx/? Px) * Px/Qx = -. 4 = -b*4/2,000,000 b = 200,000 Substituting in the equation for the demand function we obtain, Q= a 200,000P Using Q = 2,000,000 and P = 4 2,000,000 = a- 200,000*(4) a = 2,800,000 Thus the demand equation can be determined to be Q = 2,800,000 200,000P (2i) The production function for a firm is given by Q = LK where Q denotes output; Land K labor and capital inputs. Wage rate and rental rate are given by w and r respectively. (2ia) Show whether or not the above productions function exhibits diminishing marginal productivity of labor (8 points). We know from our test and from the notes by Dr. Ghosh that: Q = LK MPL= ? Q/? L = K MPL does not fall with respect to L and the second order derivative did not give a negative value thus does not reflect diminishing marginal productivity. (2ib) Determine the nature of the Return to Scale as exhibited by the above production function (12 points). We know from module 4 created by Dr. Ghosh that: Cobb-Douglas Production Function: Q = AL? K? , A 0, ? 0, ? 0 if ? + ? = 1, CRS if ? + ? 1, IRS if ? + ? 1, DRS Note if A =1 and ? = ? = 1, we have the production function, Q = LK As such the production function results in increasing Returns to Scale as ? + ? 1 and 1+ 1 1. (2ic) Using the Lagrangean Multiplier method, calculate the least cost combinations of labor and capital and the resulting long run total cost function for the above production function. Explain the economic significance of the Lagrangean Multiplier and calculate its value (32 points). Q = LK TC = wL + rK L = wL + rK + ? (Q-LK) ?L/? L = w + ? (K) =0 therefore w = ? k ?L/? K = r + ? (L) =0 therefore r = ? L ?L/ = 0 therefore Q=LK As such K = (w/r)L Q=L2(w/r) and least cost value of L =(rQ/w)1/2 K = (wQ/r)1/2 least cost value of K Lagrangean multiplier: ? = (wr/Q)1/2 The Lagrange multiplier allows us to treat constrained problems as though they were unconstrained. From this we can determine the cost function as: C(Q) = wL + rK =w*[(rQ/w)1/2)] + r*[(wQ/r)1/2)] = 2vwrQ (long run total cost function) (2id) Using the above cost function, calculate the numerical value of long run total cost when Q =224, w = 16 and r = 144. Using our cost function above we can determine that: 2*(16*144*224)1/2 = 1,436. 796 (2ie) Using Excel- Solver verify your answer to (d) above (12 points). The snapshot of the solver window minimizing the cost function is: The clickable excel workbook showing my work is: (ii) As the manager of an 80-unit motel you know that all units are occupied when you charge $60 a day per unit. Each occupied room costs $4 for service and maintenance a day. You have also observed that for every x dollars increase in the daily rate above $60, there are x units vacant. Determine the daily price that you should charge in order to maximize profit (12 points). From learning module 2 created by Dr. Ghosh we know the following: Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost ? = TR – TC Then we calculate the first order condition, and calculate optimal P and Q for resulting profit. Note: ? TC/? Q = dTC/dQ = Marginal Cost ?TR/? Q = dTR/dQ = Marginal Revenue From these concepts we can apply this to the problem: Fully occupied profit = 80*60 -80*4 = 4480 Price per unit = 60 + x Number of units occupied = 80 x Cost = 4*(80-x) Revenue = P*Q= (60+x)*(80-x) Profit = TR TC Therefore profit = (80-x) (60+x) – 4*(80-x) = (80-x) (56+x) = 4480 + 24 x – x2 In order to maximize profit we obtain the derivative of 4480 + 24 x – x2 as 24 – 2x and set it equal to 0. dQ/dY = 24 – 2x 24 2x = 0 2 x = 24 x = 12 Substitute the value of X into the price equation to arrive at: Price = 60 + 12 = 72 (3i) Sleak Teak builds yard furniture using hardwoods and (in a smaller shop) handcrafted knick-knacks from the same sort of wood. The hardwood usage in the two lines of product are Yard Furniture: Y = 2 Ty . 001Ty2 Knick-knacks: Z = 20Tz . 01 Tz2 where Y and Z are units of furniture and knick-knacks respectively. Ty and Tz are the amounts of hardwood used in Y and Z production respectively. Yard furniture can be sold at a profit (i. e. , net of costs) of $100 per unit and knick-knacks can be sold at a profit of $25 per unit. Sleak Teak has 1300 units of hardwood available that can be allocated between these two lines of production. (3ia) Using the Lagrangean Multiplier method, determine how should the hardwood be allocated between the two lines of product so that total profit can be maximized. Also calculate the optimal amounts of Y and Z and total profit from each product line (32 points). We are provided the following information: Yard Furniture: Y = 2Ty . 001Ty2 Knick Knacks:Z= 20Tz . 01 Tz2 We need to obtain the derivatives of each of these functions: Y (derivative) = 2 -. 002Ty Marginal Profit = is 100(2-. 002Ty) Z'(derivative) = 20 -. 02Tz Marginal Profit = 25(20-. 02Tz) Next we need to set the equations equal to each other: 100(2 . 002Ty) = 25(20 . 02Tz) 200 . 2Ty = 500 . 5Tz .5Tk . 2Ty = 300 We know the constraint as it is given in the equation as Tz+Ty= 1300 5Tz -2Ty= 3000 2Tz +2Ty= 2600 7Tz = 5600 Tz = 800 Ty = 1300-800=500 Production should be allocated to 500 for Ty and 800 for Tz Substituting these values into the given functions we can obtain the optimal amounts of Y and Z: Yard Furniture: Y = 2Ty . 001Ty2 Yard Furniture: Y = 2(500) . 001(500)2 Yard Furniture: Y = 750 Knick Knacks:Z= 20Tz . 01 Tz2 Knick Knacks:Z= 20(800) . 01 (800)2 Knick Knacks:Z= 9,600 Profit can be calculated as = ((100*500) + (25*800)) = 315,000 (3ib) Using Excel Solver verify your answers to (a) above. (12 Points- Show work. ) A screen shot of the solver parameters can be seen below. The clickable excel workbook can be found below for equations: (3ii) You manage Dirt Diggers, an excavating firm that excavates roadside ditches for laying drainpipes. Its output follows the production function: Q = 10L -. 1L2 where L denotes labor hours and Q the length of the ditch in meters. You can hire labor at the going wage rate of $12 per hour. As the manager of DD you want to earn as high a profit as possible. (3iia) You have received an offer to excavate 250 meters for a lump sum payment of $500. Should you accept the offer? Explain with appropriate calculations (12 points). According to Module 4 created by Dr. Ghosh: Incremental measure of productivity or Marginal Product of Labor MPL = ? Q/? L = ? Q/? L = fL = slope of total product curve in the short run when K is fixed. Application: Optimal Business Decisions: Hiring of workers Consider the short production function: Q=f(L,K) Price = P TR = P*Q = P*f(L,K) = TR(L) TC = W*L +F, where F is the fixed cost and W the wage rate Focus on how many workers you need to use to maximize ? = TR-TC = PQ – WL = Pf(L,K)-W*L FOC for Profit Maximization: d? /dL=0 = PfL – W = 0 Marginal Revenue Productivity = Marginal Expenditure on Labor (or marginal input cost) (This is nothing but MR = MC in terms of labor and not output) Additionally from the text we know that MRPL = (MR)*(MPL) in equation 5. 2 The text goes on to detail that â€Å"to maximize profit, the firm should increase the amount of a variable input up to the point at which the input’s marginal revenue product equals its marginal cost. † Therefore equation 5. 3 in the text states MRPL = MCL Applying these concepts to the problem: First you can determine that the initial offer is at a Price of $2 per meter as 500/250=$2 P=$2 (current offer of $500 for 250 meters) We know that the firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR)*(MPL) =MCL MPL = dQ/dL = 10 . 2L. Therefore, ($2)(10 . 2L) = 12 and L=20. In turn, Q = 10L -. 1L2 and as such Q = (10)(20) . 1(202) and Q=160 Since the optimal quantity of meters dug at a price of $2 is 160 meters, Ditch Diggers should not accept the offer of $250 meters for $500. This is not the profit maximizing quantity at this price- reject the offer. You can also approach this problem from another angle. Specifically, since we are provided with the production function of Q = 10L -. 1L2 and we know the offer is to dig 250 meters, we can determine the labor and cost required to achieve this result at 250 = Q = 10L -. 1L2 resulting in L of 50. Since the Marginal Cost of labor is $12 we can multiply this by the L of 50 to arrive at a cost of $600 to perform the job, while the offer is only $500 for completion. From this perspective we would still reject the offer as the revenue is less than the cost to perform $500 (revenue) $600 (Cost). (3iib) Suppose that instead of the previous offer, you are now offered as much or as little excavation work at a price of $2. 00 per meter dug. Should you accept the offer? Why or why not? If you accept the offer calculate DD’s resulting profit. Also, calculate the optimal level of output (meter dug) and the level of labor usage (16 points). From our calculation above we already know the following: We know that the firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR)*(MPL) =MCL MPL = dQ/dL = 10 . 2L. Therefore, ($2)(10 . 2L) = 12 and L=20 (level of labor usage). In turn, Q = 10L -. 1L2 and as such Q = (10)(20) . 1(202) and Q=160 (optimal output, meters dug) The optimal quantity of meters dug at a price of $2 is 160 meters at a level of labor usage of 20. The firms profit is = PQ – (MC)L= $2(160) $12(20) = $80 Therefore, Ditch Diggers should accept the offer and will receive a resulting profit of $80. (3iii) As a manager of a firm you find the marginal cost of the firm to be $10 and the fixed cost $100. For the range of prices that you are planning to charge, own price elasticity of demand is believed to be –1. 5. Calculate the optimal (profit maximizing) price that you should charge. Show all calculations (8 points). In order to solve this we need to apply the markup rule. Specifically the size of a firm’s markup (above marginal cost and expressed as a percentage of price) depends inversely on the price elasticity of demand for a good or service. According to equation 3. 13 from the text, the optimal markup rule is: P = Ep/(1+Ep)MC And from Module 3 created by Dr. Ghosh we know: Optimal Pricing (for profit maximization): Inverse Elasticity Rule Rule for profit max: Produce output up to a point so that MR = MC MR = MC P[1 1 / | EP |]=MC MC/P = 1-1/| EP | If adding 1 1 MC/P = 1-[1-1/| EP |] (P-MC)/P = 1-1+1 / | EP | (P-MC)/P (Price-Cost Margin) = 1 / | EP |: Inverse Elasticity Rule The lower the value of elasticity, the higher the price-cost margin For a competitive firm, |E|=infinity, therefore (P-MC)/P = 0 (rule for profit maximization, P=MC) Additionally we know from the text that â€Å"the logic of marginal analysis in general and the markup rule (equation 3. 13) show that optimal price and quantity depend on marginal cost (MC). Fixed Costs have no effect on the choice of optimal price and quantity. † Therefore for this problem we do not consider the $100 fixed costs detailed. As such P = Ep/(1+Ep)MC = P = (-1. 5)/(1-1. 5)10 = $30

Quotes From the Movie V for Vendetta

Quotes From the Movie 'V for Vendetta' V for Vendetta is set in the near future in London, which has become a police state. The main character, V, fights the oppressors in his world. He aims to spread  bitter destruction and to  annihilate the government. When V rescues Evey Hammond, he gains an ally to help in his mission. Throughout the film, the characters, including imprisoned Valerie, look for freedom from their dystopian universe. These V for Vendetta ​movie quotes bring out feelings of torment, helplessness, violence, and hope. V The past cant hurt you anymore, unless you let it. A revolution without dancing is a revolution not worth having. There are no coincidences, only the illusion of coincidences. People should not be afraid of their governments. Governments should be afraid of their people. Valerie It seems strange that my life should end in such a terrible place, but for three years I had roses  and apologized to no one. I remember how different became dangerous. Id only told them the truth. Was that so selfish? Our integrity sells for so little, but its all that we really have. It is the very last inch of us, but within that inch, we are free. What I hope most of all is that you understand what I mean when I tell you that though I do not know you and even though I may never meet you, laugh with you, cry with you, or kiss you, I love you. With all my heart, I love you. I shall die here. Every last inch of me shall perish. Except one. An inch. Its small and its fragile and its the only thing in the world worth having. We must never lose it, or sell it, or give it away. We must never let them take it from us.   I hope that whoever you are, you escape this place. I hope that the world turns and that things get better. Evey Hammond He was Edmond Dantes. And he was my father, and my mother, my brother, my friend. He was you and me. He was all of us. Because he was right. This country needs more than a building right now. It needs hope. My father was a writer. You wouldve  liked him. He used to say that artists use lies to tell the truth, while politicians use them to cover the truth up. Bishop Lilliman It wasnt labor that I was speaking of, but rather my final remittance. My last little joy. Delia Surridge Oppenheimer was able to change more than the course of a war. He changed the entire course of human history. Is it wrong to hold on to that kind of hope? Creedy Whatcha gonna do, uh? Weve swept this place, youve got nothing. Nothing but your bloody knives and your fancy karate gimmicks, we have guns. Finch The problem is, he knows us better than we know ourselves. Deitrich You wear a mask for so long, you forget who you were beneath it.

Take the Paired Conjunction Quiz

Take the Paired Conjunction Quiz Paired conjunctions are often used in both spoken and written English to make a point, give an explanation, or discuss alternatives. The most common paired conjunctions include: both ... andneither ... noreither ... ornot only ... but also When using these forms with verb conjugation make sure to follow these rules: Both ... and is used with two  subjects and always conjugates using the plural form of the verb. Both Tom and Peter live in Los Angeles. Neither ... nor is used with two  subjects. The second subject decides whether the verb is conjugated in the plural or singular form. Neither Tim nor his sisters enjoy watching TV. OR Neither his sister nor Tim enjoys watching TV.   Either ... nor is used with two  subjects.  The second subject decides whether the verb is conjugated in the plural or singular form. Either the children or Peter has made a mess in the living room. OR Either Peter or the children have made a mess in the living room. Not only ... but also inverts the verb after not only, but use standard conjugation after but also. Not only does he like tennis, but he also enjoys golf. Paired conjunctions can also be used with adjectives and nous. In this case, make sure to use parallel structure when using paired conjunctions. Parallel structure refers to using the same form for each item. Pair Conjunction Quiz 1 Match the sentence halves to make a complete sentence. Both PeterNot only do we want to goEither Jack will have to work more hoursThat story wasStudents who do well not only study hardIn the end he had to chooseSometimes it isI would love to take but we also have enough money.neither true nor realistic.not only wise to listen to your parents but also interesting.and I are coming next week.either his career or his hobby.both my laptop and my cell phone on holiday.but also use their instincts if they do not know the answer.or we will have to hire somebody new. Pair Conjunction Quiz 2 Combine the following sentences into one sentence using paired conjunctions: both ... and; not only ... but also; either ... or; neither ... nor We could fly. We could go by train.She will have to study hard. She will have to concentrate to do well on the exam.Jack is not here. Tom is in another city.The speaker will not confirm the story. The speaker will not deny the story.Pneumonia is a dangerous disease. Smallpox is a dangerous illness.Fred loves traveling. Jane wants to go around the world.It might rain tomorrow. It might snow tomorrow.Smoking isnt good for your heart. Drinking isnt good for your health. Answers 1 Both Peter and I are coming this week.Not only do we want to go, but we also have enough money.Either Jack will have to work more hours or we will have to hire somebody new.That story was neither true nor realistic.Students who do well not only study hard but also use their instincts if they do not know the answers.  In the end he had to choose either his career or his hobby.Sometimes it is not only wise to listen to your parents but also interesting.  I would love to take both my laptop and my cell phone on holiday. Answers 2 Either we could fly or we could go by train.  Not only will she have to study hard, but she will also have to concentrate to do well on the exam.Neither Jack nor Tom is here.The speaker will neither confirm nor deny the study.Both Pneumonia and Small Pox are dangerous illnesses (diseases).Both Fred and Jane love traveling.It might both rain and snow tomorrow.Neither smoking nor drinking are good for your health.   If you had difficulties understanding this quiz, brush up on your knowledge. Teachers can use this paired conjunction lesson plan to help students learn and practice these forms.

Non-Employment Conflict Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Non-Employment Conflict Management - Essay Example Constructing a dam entails the preliminary flooding for the formation of the reservoir and additional structures for instance: floodgates check dams and spillway, in the proximity of the original dam (Bartle, 2004). These constructions negatively influence the hydrology of the rivers and the movement pattern of fish by generating obstacles to their normal movement. This leads to decline in biodiversity and stocks of the fish population due to the modification of downstream and upstream of the aquatic environment. It also affects the fish species and a raise in the catch endeavour due to huge areas of arid periodical open water. In addition, the building of the dam may cause the crumple of fisheries owing to the loss of the floodplain habitation (Guariso and Werthner, 1989).Secondly, building of dams affects the livelihood of the communities found in the area where they are being constructed. Most of the indigenous communities’ practice farming and flooding reduce the land unde r agriculture. It also leads to the loss of wood gathering and fishing as a source of livelihood. In addition, it amplifies pressure on communal resources shared by pastoralists and farmers. For pastoralists, it leads to reduction in riverbank pasture while for fish farmers and fishermen; it leads to reduction in fish stocks and fisheries. This causes the decline in the economic value in the wetland that is higher compared to after the dam is put in place.Thirdly, there is loss of natural resources present in the ecosystem.

Ethical Decision Making and Ethical Leadership Essay

Ethical Decision Making and Ethical Leadership - Essay Example The leaders, therefore, will discourage the worker from accepting the gift no matter the reasoning and justification. The email would look like ‘‘Dear officer, I am sorry to inform you that if you breach the company’s rule that abhors acceptance of gift from customers then be ready to face the consequences. This rule should be followed at all times.’’ This approach hampers the organization’s democratic space where the views of others are not taken into account leading to the growth of an autocratic system. The management is likely to plunge into a culture where they impose strict self-centered rules. Over time, with the resistance and breach of these rigid rules, the leaders may escalate up the moral reasoning ladder making them adopt a more rational perspective in solving moral dilemmas in decision making. Moral reasoning is not complete at stage one and that is the reasoning why it is regarded as a reasoning pattern for children who do not have the capacity to rationalize between good and bad. They, therefore, have to blindly set or follow the laid down laws or regulations. Convection and post convection stages are eye-openers in moral

WEIGHT WATCHERS AND JENNY CRAIG Essay Example for Free

WEIGHT WATCHERS AND JENNY CRAIG Essay Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig Millions of people have lost weight using the Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig weight loss programs. Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig are two of the most popular diets in the United States that has similar weight loss options available for would be dieters. Among other popular diets, U.S. news ranks Weight Watchers #1 in best weight loss diets and ranked Jenny Craig #2 . In 2010 Weight Watchers retired its old point system and started a new point system. With the new system, counselors will know if their clients are using their points wisely. With Jenny Craig there is no point counting. There method is a three level food, mind, and body approach to lose weight and keep it off. Although, their approach to weight loss is different, both Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig claims clients can lose up to two pounds a week. No diet is easy, but Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig both have their perks to make dieting easier. With the Weight Watchers program, dieters are allowed to eat whatever they want if a client uses their points wisely, along with eating foods containing protein and high in fiber. Clients can also eat unlimited fruits and vegetables. Dieters are also encouraged to eat â€Å"power foods†, such as whole grains, lean meats, and low fat dairy products. Weight Watchers encourages their clients to choose foods rich in nutrients, but not loaded with calories. That is Weight Watchers primary goal, to give their dieters the weight loss edge. Weight Watchers has improved its plan to incorporate today’s science along with a proven to work formula for their clients. The key to having success on the Weight Watchers diet program, is to eat healthy filling foods. With Jenny Craig, clients get a personalized meal and exercise plan, plus weekly counseling sessions with a consultant. Your meals are pre-packaged and delivered to your door. Jenny Craig meal portions are small. You will eat three times a day and dinner comes with a dessert. The program teaches their clients how to eat small frequent portions. It also teaches their clients how to increase their energy levels. Jenny Craig also teaches its clients how to b alance their lives to maintain their weight loss. The program offers support for its clients with a 24 hour support line. Just like its counterpart Weight Watchers, Jenny Craig encourages eating fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and reduced fat dairy products. Jenny Craig’s pre-packaged menu serves as a  model of healthy eating, clients will gradually learn how to cook at home for themselves. Since the Jenny Craig method is calorie based, a client will develop a menu based on their weight, height, and goals. With Jenny Craig recognizing the correct portion size is the first step to weight loss. When choosing diet programs, a person should take certain issues into consideration before starting that program. Even though Weight Watchers have revitalized their point counting method, it is still very tedious. After a long day at work, a person may not feel like tallying points. Cooking a pre-packaged Jenny Craig meal in the microwave may be much easier. The Achilles heel for the Jenny Craig diet, is you are not allowed any ho me cooked or restaurant meals until you are ready. The cost is something else to consider when deciding between these two programs. With Weight Watchers, the cost will vary depending on if you choose weekly in person meetings or using online tools only. They offer unlimited meeting passes for $39.95, which also includes access to the online tools, or a person can pay as they go, which will range from $12 to $15 per week and a one- time registration fee of $20. To follow online only, a three month plan is $65. Keep in mind none of these fees includes the cost of food. There is no way to water it down, Jenny Craig is expensive. The exact cost will vary from city to city. The registration fee can exceed $400, and one week’s worth of Jenny’s cuisine can cost a person $100 at the least. The average person cannot afford this diet program, and for that kind of money may devise their own diet plan that will save them money. Both of these programs can be pricey, and the last thing that a person on a diet should be worried about is money. Maybe, that is why Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig use celebrity endorsers, their clientele may mostly be made up of people consisting of the upper-middle class or rich. They are both known for their use of celebrity endorsers, but have different views on how they should be used. For Weight Watchers, collecting celebrity spokespeople is not their way. Jenny Craig on the other hand, is pursuing any celebrity that wants to lose weight. Weight Watchers has had only four celebrity endorsers, with Jennifer Hudson as the fourth. Jennifer Hudson has lost 80 pounds on the Weight Watchers plan. Jenny Craig employs six active spokespeople, including Valerie Bertinelli who has lost 40 pounds on the program. These two diet programs has their similarities and their differences. It all depends on  what the dieter feel is right for them. It may also depend on what the dieter can afford. Weight Watchers focuses on teaching their clients how to eat wisely and how to keep the weight off. While, Jenny Craig focuses on an individual approach to weight loss and portion control. Both guarantees weight loss and entices would be dieters with celebrities and their weight l oss stories. Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig, both disagree on how celebrity endorsers should be used, but continue to use their celebrity endorsers because of their popularity. A dieter should keep in mind that results will vary and they may not have the same results as Jennifer Hudson or Valerie Bertinelli. Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig are considered to be the two most popular diets in the U.S. Jenny Craig appears to be expensive, but the more simple approach to weight loss, while Weight Watchers is less expensive, but requires strict point counting. Your schedule, way of life, and budget may be the deciding factors between the two. Single less obligated people may go with Weight Watchers, while busy family orientated individuals may choose Jenny Craig. The choice is yours.

The Financial Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana Essay -- Argumentative

For over a century, marijuana has been illegal in the United States and in a lot of cases it remains prohibited because it has been prohibited for so long. Laws in California and Colorado are currently popular in the media because they are legalizing and taxing marijuana production and distribution. After adding sales and excise taxes to the sales price in these states, consumers are purchasing marijuana legally for a lower price than its black market price. Revenue gained from taxes in these states is being put towards such things as education and regulation of the substance. The responsible disbursing of marijuana tax is being exemplified in California and Colorado. Be that as it may, people continue to argue against legalizing and taxing marijuana for such reasons as its negative health effects, the ability of individuals to evade taxes on cannabis, and its legalization spreading to other states. Those opposed to changing marijuana laws stand firm in their beliefs that spending ta x dollars on incarcerating and policing marijuana users and distributors is beneficial to society. In turn, the current state of affairs remains unchanged, funneling billions of untaxed dollars in to the black market each year. If marijuana were legalized, the black market would see no other outcome than losing that capital to its competitor, state governments and hopefully the federal government as well. The theory that collecting taxes on marijuana, otherwise purchased untaxed through the black market, boosts state economies more than spending tax revenues on policing it as an illegal substance is a difficult theory to disprove. Although policing and incarcerating marijuana-related criminals certainly costs the government more than generating tax ... ...ues-u-s-government-to-stop-harborside-medical-marijuana-seizures/ Oldham, J. (2013, November 4). Marijuana Vote in Colorado Weighs 25% Tax. In Bloomberg | Personal Finance. Retrieved November 15, 2014, from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-05/marijuana-vote-in-colorado-weighs-25-tax-for-recreation.html Passie, T., Emrich, H. M., Karst, M., Brandt, S. D., and Halpern, J. H. (2012, June 26). Mitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: a review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence. In US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Retrieved November 15, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22736575 Woo, S. (2009, April 30). Oakland Council Backs a Tax on Marijuana. In The Wall Street Journal | Politics and Policy. Retrieved November 15, 2014, from http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB124105239168771233

Nursing-Sensitive Indicators Essay

The structure, processes, and outcome factors of nursing care are reflected in Nursing-Sensitive Indicators (NSIs). There are several things that the nurses in the provided scenario could have done to promote quality patient care. By being aware of restraint use as an NSI the hospital staff would be more likely to increase their focus and attention to its need and any development of complications. This increased focus and attention could have led to the development of educational opportunities for the hospital staff on the identification of pressure ulcer related complications. Had the nurse and nursing supervisor been aware of patient/family/caregiver satisfaction as an NSI they may have reacted differently in the situation. According to the physician in the scenario, there have been multiple complaints by Jewish patients about the disregard for their dietary requests. Having this data and information available can aid in developing and educational session for hospital staff includi ng dietary workers, nurses, and certified nursing assistants about the importance of respecting patient’s cultural requests. It is possible that some of the problems identified in the scenario were a related to the structure of the system and a result of inadequate staffing, educational, or experience levels. Being able to collect data on these NSIs can aid in identifying issues within this organization structure and make appropriate changes to ensure better quality patient care outcomes. For example, some issues may be related to there not being an adequate number of nursing on the unit. Collecting relevant data would help to identify this as an issue, possibly a recurring issue, which would lead to the assigning of more nurses to that particular unit. Quality Patient Care Nursing-sensitive indicators can provide data to help identify needs and diminish risks. Part of the reason why nursing-sensitive indicators are used is to be able to make changes and adjustments to policies and procedures of  a hospital, if necessary. Quality patient care can be advanced in this situation by collecting data on specific nursing-sensitive indicators. Data on the prevalence of restraint use and consequential complications (e.g. pressure ulcers, contractions, anxiety, incontinence, and other complications) can aid in maintaining awareness of risks and allowing the nurse to take proper steps to limit their occurrence. Data on patient/family/caregiver satisfaction can help illustrate whether the quantity and quality of nursing care needs to be improved. Data on nursing satisfaction and staffing can help to assess whether changes need to be made to staffing numbers, whether more experienced nurses are needed, whether more educational opportunities are need for the hospital staff, for example. System Resources, Referrals, or Colleagues There are a few ethical issues that in the provided scenario which need addressing from the nursing shift supervisor. The first occurs when the Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) fails to appropriately address the possibility of a developing pressure ulcer. A wound care team can be consulted about developing an educational program about pressure ulcers for hospital staff. Also, there is the issue of restraints. The ordering physician should be contacted about the necessity of restraint use. Along with the wound care team, data could be collected about the use of restraints and the subsequent development of pressure ulcers. In the scenario, the patient was not served a â€Å"kosher† diet as the order indicated. The physician could be contacted to illicit more information about the several dietary complaints. The hospital administrator can, also, be contacted to inquire about any other dietary complaints before contacting the kitchen supervisor. The hospital ethics committee is a valuable resource when a need for education arises. The daughter was not told of the dietary mistake and was later inadvertently informed by a dietary worker. Members of the Ethics committee may be able to conduct an educational session for hospital workers about being patient advocates.

Is Super Size Me Convincing? Essay

The doctors were certain that if he did not end the experiment immediately, he would have caused irreparable damage to his body. Using the rhetorical triangle, we can illustrate how the documentary utilizes the three points of logos, ethos, and pathos in order to establish a well founded, credible, and effective argument. Without the use of the rhetorical triangle, trying to create a well founded, credible account of anything would be difficult. One could argue that if an argument lacks any part of the rhetorical triangle, the argument is incomplete, and has no credibility or effectiveness. The rhetorical triangle provides the structure; the frame of a well thought out and well presented meaningful argument. And by doing so – using the rhetorical triangle, on can create a nearly foolproof reasoning and support for something they believe or support. This is what Spurlock has done here. The message; the appeal to ethos – the argument, the reason, data, evidence, and structure. The documentary uses simple, straightforward scientific methods to gather, collect, and analyze the data obtained from the study. Spurlock does this in order to get the message to people that eating nothing but fast food all of the time is terribly detrimental to your body. Your health suffers, and can even affect you mentally. Throughout the movie, he provides a simple structure of the task at hand, to eat nothing but McDonald’s all day, every day, for every meal. He does this to show that in no way is eating fast food good for you and that it should absolutely be limited if not totally eliminated from your diet. Fast foods have caused – or at least helped to cause many American’s problems with obesity and iseases such as diabetes. There have been many studies to support these claims and none are unfounded assumptions. The next unit of the rhetorical triangle that the documentary has covered is that of pathos – the audience and the appeals to their emotions, beliefs, values, knowledge and experience. Every American and many of the other peoples of the world have heard of McDonaldâ⠂¬â„¢s. They all know of food, and most have had experience with it as well. They know that it tastes good, and is fast and easy. They believe that it is perfectly harmless as well, most of them, anyhow. What they don’t know is that it is absolutely terrible for you and causes much more harm than good. What the movie tries to do is show how the effects of eating so much fast food can harm you. The results can be absolutely horrible, and if left uncorrected could lead to permanent damage. The movie tries to use the shock and scare factor of your emotions to get their message across that this stuff is no good. Any intelligent, rational person will take a step back and think twice about what they eat and especially whether or not to eat fast food, even a little. The effect for some people may be nothing, but others, like me will initially completely avoid fast food because of the shock that the movie gave us. Later on, however, after the shock has passed it is no big deal to go back for a burger – which can be dangerous. The biggest appeal to fast food it just that – it is fast. It is fast, easy, convenient and tasty. Quite appealing. The use of pathos on children is especially prevalent in McDonalds. They target children everywhere, on television, in schools, on signs, and on billboards. Children today cannot avoid them. They use these advertisements almost subliminally, so that the children will crave and seek out their food. Once they get there, they are overwhelmed with flashy, fun advertising gimmicks. They have happy meals with toys to entice them with, and a playground too. Why wouldn’t a child want to go to a place like that? Food, toys, and a playground all in one, it is wonderful. I remember I used to always enjoy going there as a kid. I cannot stand McDonalds now, however, for many it has and will become a life-long bond of company and consumer. This is exactly what McDonalds wants and is what they thrive on, f course – they are a business. The last appeal to be covered is that of ethos – credibility, authority, appearance and eloquence. Here, as in other aspects there are two sides to the ethos in this documentary. On one side is Spurlock and his doctors and professionals, and on the other side, McDonalds. First off, McDonalds wants you to think that their food is noth ing but tasty and filling – which it can be. They do not want you to know the harmful and unhealthy aspects of eating there. After all, they want you to come back and spend more money! What Spurlock wants to do with his documentary is get the message out that what we are doing to ourselves by eating this food is hurting us. He wants to expose that what the fast food business is doing is wrong. He does a good job of doing this, as he is very clear about what he is doing, and how he does it. He uses credible people such as doctors, scientists, and specialists to support his claims and make sure what he tells us is accurate. He does a great job of creating a convincing argument – one that is difficult to pick apart and find fault within. He has done a great job of providing clear, concise, convincing data. The movie Super Size Me is a great documentary and does a wonderful job of – well, documenting the research that Spurlock has done. He put himself through thirty days of hell of eating nothing but McDonald’s food in order to show what would happen if that is all you ate – nothing but McDonald’s food for an entire month. The result was shocking and horrifying at the same time. Spurlock gained over twenty pounds of body fat – while probably losing quite a lot of muscle mass and gained nearly twenty percent body fat. After thirty days that is amazing. His health deteriorated to the point that he nearly caused permanent damage to some of his vital organs such as his liver. The results were simply shocking, and they were foolproof as well, everything was done in a way that no one can argue with them and say that well, this was not caused by eating only McDonald’s. It was all directly caused by the food. This a very well structured and convincing study and they have done a great job through the documentary of portraying the information to the public.

Free Essays on Role Of Blacks In The Civil War

Black Involvement in the Civil War â€Å"We must fight now, not because we want to subjugate the South but because we must,† (McPherson 486) was the cry of the Northerners during slavery. Like Galations 5:1 states, †It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm then, and do not let yourselves be burned again by the yoke of slavery.† This means that we should stand firm against everything that is wrong, because Jesus has set everyone free from sin just like the Civil War set slaves free from slavery. The Civil War, also known as the war Between the States, was fought on American soil and was the result of the disagreement between the South and the North on slave issues. After the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation it become a fight of freedom for blacks (Sawyer 15-18, Meltzer 73-82). During the slave trade, African American were transported by Europeans who planned to sell them as slaves. If the slaves were weak or unhealthy they were often abandoned. Nearly 50,000 blacks chained side-by side were brought to America. They were placed in the slave market when they arrived in America, and at auction white property was often sold along with the slaves (Hughes 14-16). Opponents of slavery, called Abolitionists, believed slavery was immoral and the Declaration of Independence should be applied to everyone, slaves as well as whites, that they might enjoy the rights of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Hughes 40-42, Meltzer 79-84). The Civil War occurred for many reasons. One was the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States in 1860. The Southern Democrats did not accept Lincoln as president, because they believed that his stand against the expansion of slavery would ruin the South (Encarta). Another reason was the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed each new territory to decide whether the new state would be a free state or a slave state. This lau... Free Essays on Role Of Blacks In The Civil War Free Essays on Role Of Blacks In The Civil War Black Involvement in the Civil War â€Å"We must fight now, not because we want to subjugate the South but because we must,† (McPherson 486) was the cry of the Northerners during slavery. Like Galations 5:1 states, †It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm then, and do not let yourselves be burned again by the yoke of slavery.† This means that we should stand firm against everything that is wrong, because Jesus has set everyone free from sin just like the Civil War set slaves free from slavery. The Civil War, also known as the war Between the States, was fought on American soil and was the result of the disagreement between the South and the North on slave issues. After the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation it become a fight of freedom for blacks (Sawyer 15-18, Meltzer 73-82). During the slave trade, African American were transported by Europeans who planned to sell them as slaves. If the slaves were weak or unhealthy they were often abandoned. Nearly 50,000 blacks chained side-by side were brought to America. They were placed in the slave market when they arrived in America, and at auction white property was often sold along with the slaves (Hughes 14-16). Opponents of slavery, called Abolitionists, believed slavery was immoral and the Declaration of Independence should be applied to everyone, slaves as well as whites, that they might enjoy the rights of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Hughes 40-42, Meltzer 79-84). The Civil War occurred for many reasons. One was the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States in 1860. The Southern Democrats did not accept Lincoln as president, because they believed that his stand against the expansion of slavery would ruin the South (Encarta). Another reason was the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed each new territory to decide whether the new state would be a free state or a slave state. This lau...

The Doomed Journey of Panfilo de Narvaez in Florida

The Doomed Journey of Panfilo de Narvaez in Florida Panfilo de Narvaez (1470-1528) was born to an upper-class family in Vallenda, Spain. Although he was older than most Spaniards who sought their fortunes in the New World, he nevertheless was extremely active in the early conquest period. He was an important figure in the conquests of Jamaica and Cuba in the years between 1509 and 1512. He acquired a reputation for ruthlessness; Bartolome de Las Casas, who was a chaplain on the Cuba campaign, recounted horrible tales of massacres and chiefs being burned alive. In Pursuit of Cortes In 1518, the governor of Cuba, Diego Velazquez, had sent the young conquistador Hernan Cortes off to Mexico to begin the conquest of the mainland. Velazquez soon regretted his actions, however, and decided to place someone else in charge. He sent Narvaez, with a large force of more than 1,000 Spanish soldiers, to Mexico to take command of the expedition and send Cortes back to Cuba. Cortes, who was in the process of defeating the Aztec Empire, had to leave the recently subdued capital of Tenochtitlan to return to the coast to fight Narvaez. The Battle of Cempoala On May 28, 1520, the forces of the two conquistadores clashed at Cempoala, near present-day Veracruz, and Cortes won. Many of Narvaez’s soldiers deserted before and after the battle, joining Cortes. Narvaez himself was jailed in the port of Veracruz for the next two years, while Cortes retained control of the expedition and the vast wealth that came with it. A New Expedition Narvaez returned to Spain after being released. Convinced that there were more wealthy empires like the Aztecs to the north, he mounted an expedition that was doomed to become one of the most monumental failures in history. Narvaez got permission from King Charles V of Spain to mount an expedition into Florida. He set sail in April 1527 with five ships and about 600 Spanish soldiers and adventurers. Word of the riches earned by Cortes and his men made finding volunteers easy. In April 1528, the expedition landed in Florida, near present-day Tampa Bay. By then, many of the soldiers had deserted, and only about 300 men remained. Narvaez in Florida Narvaez and his men clumsily made their way inland, attacking every tribe they met. The expedition had brought insufficient supplies and survived by pillaging meager Native American storehouses, which caused violent retaliation. The conditions and lack of food caused many in the company to become ill, and within a few weeks, a third of the members of the expedition were severely incapacitated. The going was tough because Florida was then full of rivers, swamps, and forests. The Spanish were killed and picked off by irate natives, and Narvaez made a series of tactical blunders, including frequently dividing his forces and never seeking allies. The Mission Fails The men were dying, picked off individually and in small groups by native attacks. Supplies had run out, and the expedition had alienated every native tribe it had encountered. With no hope to establish any sort of settlement and with no help coming, Narvaez decided to abort the mission and return to Cuba. He had lost touch with his ships and ordered the construction of four large rafts. The Death of Panfilo de Narvaez It is not known for certain where and when Narvaez died. The last man to see Narvaez alive and tell of it was Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, a junior officer of the expedition. He recounted that in their final conversation, he asked Narvaez for help the men on Narvaezs raft were better fed and stronger than those with Cabeza de Vaca. Narvaez refused, basically saying â€Å"every man for himself,† according to Cabeza de Vaca. The rafts were wrecked in a storm and only 80 men survived the sinking of the rafts; Narvaez was not among them. The Aftermath of the Narvaez Expedition The first major incursion into present-day Florida was a complete fiasco. Of the 300 men who landed with Narvaez, only four ultimately survived. Among them was Cabeza de Vaca, the junior officer who had asked for help but received none. After his raft sunk, Cabeza de Vaca was enslaved by a local tribe for several years somewhere along the Gulf Coast. He managed to escape and meet up with three other survivors, and together the four of them returned overland to Mexico, arriving some eight years after the expedition landed in Florida. The animosity caused by the Narvaez expedition was such that it took the Spanish years to establish a settlement in Florida. Narvaez has gone down in history as one of the most ruthless yet incompetent conquistadors of the colonial era.

United States Department of Labor Case Study Assignment

United States Department of Labor Case Study - Assignment Example Individuals who qualify for the programs require disbursing the premium exclusively to cover a maximum of one hundred and two percent of the plan cost. COBRA assimilation by parliament took place in the year 1986, and its health benefits provisions prove accredited. The law reviews the ‘Employee Retirement Income Security Act’, the ‘Internal Revenue Code’ and the ‘Public Health Service Act’ ensure continuation of collective health coverage which would not have been in existence (United States & United States, 2007). Employers with more than 20 employees, for more than a year in the program, have the benefit of extension of health coverage, designed for their employees and their families, in cases where the coverage plans deems ending. Cobra gives out the methods by which the employees and their families can elect coverage continuation through their employers (United States & United States, 2007). Compliance with the federal laws Cobra ensures that it complies with the federal laws and any other related agencies. Its department of labor and treasury has power over private sector collective health plans. The Department of Health and Human Services expresses the operational law coverage affecting public sectors health plans. The labor section’s deductive and authoritarian accountability confines the release, and notification needs of COBRA. Number issuing done to customers in case one needs clarifications of any form. COBRA’s activities are regulated by the Internal Revenue Service, D epartment of the Treasury, it monitors their qualifications regarding, coverage and premiums, the continuation coverage needs for collective health plans. The departments responsible for implementation of these provisions are the labor and treasury departments (Jasper, 2009). How employees use this information to ensure that their right are protected Information is useful in ensuring the rights of employees are protected in that when the employees know who is legible for compensation, and in what cases they can claim compensation; there would be fewer cases of grievances in the organization. The employees are provided with contacts on who to consult in case they have any query relating to temporary extension of their health returns. Employees should always ensure that; COBRA or any other organizational plan is in use, depending on their organizational strategies to avoid any inconveniences. Continued coverage takes various forms as it may cover union members with collective bargaini ng agreement. The requirement, for employers and health plan administrators, of supplying a general notice in case they deem entitled to COBRA benefits is inevitable. COBRA subjected employees always receive notifications of their membership immediately after assimilation in a COBRA registered organization (United States & United States, 2007). In case of termination of an employee’s legibility to health coverage, the employer is responsible for providing notifications concerning the right s of the employees to COBRA continuation returns. Plan administrators wholly depend on employers for notifications concerning termination or lessened work hours to enable them successfully terminate the health benefits of the affected employees. The employer must provide information concerning the affected employee thirty days after the alteration of the employee’s contract. After which the plan administrator provide information to the employee within the fourteen days of the after

Financial Statement and Operating Indicator Analysis Essay

Financial Statement and Operating Indicator Analysis - Essay Example The current ratio is a liquidity ratio and indicates the extent to which an organization can cover its short term liabilities by its liquid assets. It is calculated by dividing the total current assets in the organization with the total current liabilities.This ratio seeks to examine the revenue of the organization as a function of its expenses. It includes the revenues of the organization from all sources in its calculation. The ratio is usually derived by dividing the net income of the organization with the total revenue. A high ratio means that the organization can cater for its costs efficiently, and indicates profitability. On the other hand, a lower ratio indicates that an organization could be experiencing financial difficulties, and may not have the ability to give viable returns to investors (Chandra, 2010).A major challenge concerned with financial statement analysis relates to the inability of the statements to recognize the seasonal qualitative changes, which occur in the course of normal business. These changes include changes in management, government policies, as well as labor strikes. Such changes affect the financial position of the business, thus including them in the financial analysis is significant. Therefore, users of analysis should require financial analysts to assess the implications of such factors on the organization’s profitability, and report to them (â€Å"Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives†, 2008).

International Taxation - Transfer Pricing Research Paper

International Taxation - Transfer Pricing - Research Paper Example For the purpose of the subject under consideration, it is also assumed that the subsidiary company in the aforementioned group structure is a foreign company and the Parent is a local company. When the companies in the group structures are involved in transactions with each other, they put a price on the transaction. This price is termed as the ‘transfer price’. This can further be illustrated with the help of the following example: Company A, the parent company, is situated in USA and its subsidiary company, Company B is situated in UK. Suppose that Company A has outsourced its financial activities to its subsidiary company, which means that Company A does not have any staff which are performing finance related activities (such as preparing financial statement, filing tax return, involved in budgeting etc.) instead the finance department of Company B is performing these activities for Company A and in return is charging a fee. Although the owners of both Company A and C ompany B are the same, but still one company is charging a fee for performing a particular service to another company in the capital structure. Transfer pricing is not a legal activity in its substance, but its misuse can label it as abusive. Transfer mispricing is quite common in manufacturing concern all across the globe where the transfer of services are involved rather than the transfer of services. A safe estimate made by the economists and financial analyst presents the fact that around 60% of the international trade that place globally, is between the countries under the same corporate structure. In addition to this figure, the economists also put forward the fact that due to transfer mispricing, billions of dollars is lost for tax revenue. The tax authorities argue the fact that transaction between associated companies within a group should take place on arms length basis. The arms length price is the price at which two unrelated parties in the market would agree to proceed with the transaction. The arms length pricing is a result of genuine negotiation in the market. But usually what happens in the global market is that companies usually distort the transfer prices at which the transaction is recorded. This usually assists the companies in avoiding tax and report higher profit for the financial year. Illustrative Example No. 1 (all figures in USD)    Subsidiary Company (fully owned and controlled by the parent company)    Parent Company (Head Office of the Multinational)             Host Country (China) Home Country (USA)                            Price of good bought    Transfer Price    Selling price Total Case 1 100    200    300    Profit Before Tax 100 100 200 Tax Rate (%)[Ey.com 2013] 25% 40%    Tax paid 25 40 65 Profit after tax    75    60    135 Case 2 100    280    300    Profit Before Tax 180 20 200 Tax Rate (%) 25% 40%    Tax paid 45 8 53 Profit after tax    135    12    147 Ca se 3 100    300    300    Profit Before Tax 200 0 200 Tax Rate (%) 25% 40%    Tax paid 50 0 50 Profit after tax    150    0    150 In the first illustrative example, we are considering two companies situated in USA and China. The company situated in the USA is the parent company whereas the company situated in China is the wholly owned subsidiary company of the Parent. The Parent company is involved in the trading of FMCGs. The items that the company A sale to the general public is manufactured by the subsidiary

Methodology set of rituals

Methodology set of rituals Unfortunately method is sometimes reduced to incantations or a set of rituals which are applied to data. Because the research object is complex due to its multi-dimensional characteristics it is not susceptible to exhaustive coverage. Therefore, method itself should investigate at a conceptual level and not simply applied in a mechanistic way. The methodology applied in this project is therefore not a recipe for research practice. The research requires a qualitative methodology rather than a quantitative and it will draw upon non-positivist insights like phenomenology and post-structuralist. Again the analysis is not based on statistics but employs semiotics and analysis of discourse. Through data collection and the development and elaboration on the theoretical embedding the findings will gain reliability, validity, as well as the ability to generalise. To distinguish this approach from statistical sampling Glaser and Strauss (1967) have termed this theoretical sampling. Grounding theory on the basis of observation and recounting experiences either social experiences or work practices requires a: â€Å" process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects, codes, and analyses his data and decides what data to collect next and where to find them, in order to develop his theory as it emerges. The emerging theory, whether substantive or formal controls this process of data collection. The initial decisions for theoretical collection of data are based only on a general sociological perspective and on a general subject or problem area † (Glaser and Strauss: 45). This requirement has impacted the decision for a qualitative methodology that leans towards institutional ethnography, associated with Dorothy E. Smith a social theorist from Canada. However, researching this project through institutional ethnography is primarily motivated by my views that objective knowledge used in the management of organisations does not pay tribute to the actual diverse circumstances of the lives of organisations members and is thus not open to the causes and consequences of the social problems perpetuated by these circumstances. By using institutional ethnography I envision, implicitly, a more just world where knowledge is distributed more equally, and where it can be used a challenging force of the existing power relations in an organisation (De Vault, 2008). This method contributes to a distributive justice agenda by turning peoples everyday lives into knowledge which seek to understand the existing power relations, and pointing to possible interventions in th ese relations. In answering the questions â€Å"how does this happen as it does? How are these relations organised† (Campbell Gregor, 2002, p. 7), institutional ethnography relies on the influence of social organisation literature the language theory of Bakhtin and critical theorists such as Marx and Foucault. The combination of the terms institutional and ethnography implies the need to move beyond local practices (Travers, 1996). It is an approach to empirical inquiry grounded by a materialist ontology the daily world of peoples actual activities drawing from ethnomethodology that examines how everyday life experience or professional practice, or policy making is socially organised (Devault and McCoy, 2001 p. 751), and its consequences in contemporary societies. Social organisation is understood as local practices tied into activities occurring across time and space to form extended sequences of action or what are called â€Å"trans-local† relations (McCoy, 1998). Institutions organise themselves formally by establish discourses of power and control which are disseminated through. These policies form the basis for further organisational documentation like contracts, accounting records, time sheets, job descriptions etc. Institutions develop conceptual practices:. These discursive, managerial, and professional forms of governance can be seen as the textual venues (such as legislation, management, administration etc.) where power is generated and perpetuated in society across multiple sites and are defined in institutional ethnography as ruling relations. Attempting to understand how the coordination of work processes, activities, and relations organised across space and time form part of the ruling apparatus in society (Grahame Grahame, 2000) institutional ethnography examines how textual sequences coordinate consciousness, actions, and ruling relations what Smith calls textually-mediated social organisation. Ruling relations are embedded in t hese textually-mediated social organisations, which make power less obvious to those being controlled. This notion of ruling relations draws on Marx and his conception of political economy arising from the activities of people (Smith, 1990: 94), but also on ethnomethodology, because it starts from the common-sense knowledge of people and how they talk about daily activities. It should be clear that institutional ethnography is not simply a methodology. Institutional ethnography is not a tool one can readily use at will without adopting the theoretical framework. Theory and orientation toward research are intricately entwined in institutional ethnography and cannot be divorced from one another. In summary the aim of institutional ethnography is not the discovery of ‘meaning or the description of social worlds as in traditional ethnography; the goal is to discover the forms of coordination and control that shape peoples everyday lives and thus to look at the concrete actions of individuals as they function in relation to an institution using an ethnographic method, but more interested in the political contexts than other qualitative approaches. The method takes into account the texts and discourses that make up social life, but is actually more grounded in fieldwork study of texts that are actually used than most forms of discourse analysis (Eastwood Devault 2001). So the research begins from the embodied experience of particular Citi staff and then set about systematically investigating the social and institutional determinants of that experience. In this way, the research produces knowledge for people, rather than about them, a kind of map of the work processes, dis courses and social practices that generate specific forms of inequality, marginalisation and subordination. The object of study in this research is not individual people or social groups but, rather, the social relations, especially institutional work processes and related modes of knowledge, that form the ground of Citi staffs lived experience, hence the almost perfect fit to apply institutional ethnography as the research approach, because one of the main purposes of institutional ethnography is to describe the coordination of the day to day activities in the organisation. The challenge is then to discover how ideology can be used to relate those activities to Citis institutional imperatives. This method enables the exploration of power and politics within Citi, producing insights unavailable using other research methods. The co-ordinating Citi staffs activities is being investigated through the use of institutional texts, with the aim to clarify how these are â€Å"hooked up† as Smith expresses it hierarchically and horizontally beyond Citis world. Using institutional ethnograp hy my study identifies the language of meritocracy as an area of experience or everyday practice, and explicates the institutional processes shaping that experience (Campbell Gregor 2002, p.59; DeVault McCoy 2001, p.755). Text Approaching text through institutional ethnography means deviating from the post-modern stance. It is not the discourse of the text that is the starting point nor is the focus on the subject who makes use of it. Contrary to post-modern approaches to social analysis that often treat texts as metaphors, the ‘body as text or ‘society as text; institutional ethnography investigates texts as active constituents of social relations. The idea of texts as constituents of organisations has been around in institutional theory for a long time: DiMaggio and Powell (1983) argued that texts allow organisations to standardise by modelling themselves after similar organisations, which are perceived as legitimate or efficient. For Taylor et al. (Taylor et al., 1996; Taylor and Van Every, 1993), actions in bureaucratic organisations are always text generating. Hasslebladh and Kallinikos (2000: 703) assert that â€Å"no organisation could support its status as a formal system without the arsenal of verbal and numerical techniques through which its goals and operations are described, organised and controlled†. More recently, Phillips et al. (2004: 635) have offered what they call a â€Å"discursive model of institutionalisation,† where â€Å"it is not action per se that provides the basis for institutionalisation but, rather, the texts that describe and communicate those actions. It is primarily through texts that information about actions is widely distributed and comes to influence the actions of others†. The same authors (ibid.: 641) write that â€Å"discourses provide the socially constituted, self-regulating mechanisms that enact institutions and shape the actions that lead to the production of more texts. Thus, the discursive realm acts as the background against which current actions occur—enabling some actions and constraining others†. Texts, in both their material and symbolic aspect form the bridge between the everyday/every night local actualities of our living and the ruling relations (Smith, 1999:7). The relations into whom the text and its discourses enter are investigated to discover the social activities that are generated. Symbolically, it is how text influences everyday life to co-ordinate social activities, how text constitutes social organisation. This will show the power of texts in everyday life (Smith, 1992: 93), and the importance of the physical texts to institutional organisation (Smith, 1984). Texts transport power in ideologies and practices across sites and among people. Since texts do not know boundaries, they are powerful tools in organising peoples activities, across organisations. (Smith, 1999: 80), standardising peoples activities into bureaucracies. The power of a text can be viewed similar to Foucaults (1967) explanation: â€Å"Power must be analysed as something, which circulates, or rather as something which only functions in the form of a chain. It is never localised here or there, never in anybodys hands, never appropriated as a commodity or piece of wealth. Power is employed and exercised through a net-like organisation. And not only do individuals circulate between its threads; they are always in the position of simultaneously undergoing and exercising power. They are not only its inert or consenting target; they are always the elements of articulation [italics added]. In other words, individuals are the vehicles of power, not its point of application.† (p. 234) Ruling relations The entry point of my inquiry is the standpoint of actual individuals located in the everyday world (Smith, 1987:159). Standpoint refers then to the location of an embodied subject in a specific local, historical setting. Although experience is the ground zero of my analysis it cannot be confined to the direct experience of the everyday world for it is organised by social relations not fully apparent in it nor contained in it (1987:92). According to a social organisation framework, social relations are systematic processes that control peoples lives through ruling relations â€Å"more or less mysteriously and outside a persons knowledge† (Campbell Gregor, 2002, p. 18; 2004, p. 18). Within this framework, social life is not chaotic but is purposefully organised to happen as it does. Power becomes critically important to evidence how ruling relations are transported through knowledge, experience, discourse, and institutions. Power of these ruling relations is investigated on an institutional level where Citi transposes what really happens to its staff into abstract categories. Conceptualising â€Å"what happens in a form that makes it administrablethese categories are embedded, for example in case reports, report cards, application forms, tickets, etc.† (Darville, 2002, p. 61). Smith conceives of institution as a complex of relations organised around a specific function such as law, health care, or education. This complex of relations forms part of the ruling apparatus in contemporary society. Rather than referring to a specific form of social organisation, institution refers to the coordination and intersection of an array of activities into a functional complex. The concept institution does not refer to entities in themselves but rather to the way in which they are interwoven around a particular function. To obtain data for this analysis, this project proceeds through three main phases of data collection: investigation of local experience through the Citi staffs individual standpoint, analysis of processes and social relations extending beyond Citi staffs experiential accounts, and establishing the interconnection between the local experience and the extended experience (Griffith Smith, 1990; Smith, 1987). Phase one examines the work activities (broadly defined) of Citi staff engaged in the progress of their daily lives with a view to analysing how that world is shaped by and maintains the institutional process. Bearing in mind that experiences or situations are not free-standing phase one data collection tries to discover the â€Å"material connections between what actually happens to participants in a research setting and what triggers those particular events† (Campbell Gregor, 2004, p. 70). While phase one brings the problem into view, phase two is an analysis of ideological procedures that are used to make the institutional work processes accountable. It is a way to â€Å"explicate how the local setting, including local understandings and explanations, are brought into being- so that informants can talk about their experiences as they do†((Campbell Gregor, 2004, p. 90). Important to this phase of data collection and analysis is the earlier mentioned notion that power is carried through the ideological constructs of texts. Analysis is about deriving particular meaning from the data as to their social construction across multiple settings. Bringing the other phases together phase three analyses how these work processes in a particular context are connected across time and place and as such operate as part of an extended set of social relations (Smith, 1987:160-161).

Gullivers Travels :: essays research papers

Gulliver’s Travels   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift addresses many things wrong with the society around him. His portrayal of English society shows how much he saw evil in it. He mainly addressed five issues throughout his book: war, government and politics,economy, society, and mankind as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lilliputians uncover the idiocracy of war in our society. The Little-Ender and Big-Ender war all started on the debate of which way to break an egg. It didn’t matter that the entire reason of the war was ridiculous--no one knew that reason. They just fought because they knew that they fought long ago, and guessed that it should have been for a good reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gulliver himself even showed the absurdity of war when he explained the reasons England would fight to Mistress or the Queen of Brobdingnag. His justifications to fight were simply because the enemy was weaker and they wanted more land. This shows Swift’s sympathy for Ireland at that time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift believed that politics and government were games. The “election'; of “leaping and creeping'; of the Lilliputians was the basis of choosing their government officials. The government was ran with people that could go under or jump over a stick. The entire notion of classes and ranks seemed to be stupid to Swift.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The island of Brobdingnag portrayed Swift’s idea of a perfect society. Everyone was equal, and everyone got an equal share. There were no taxes and everyone got a say in how to deal with problems that arose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Gulliver explained English society to the queen of Brobdingnag, she no longer regarded the little man with wonder. She proclaimed that the crimes of his society were lying and swindling, and the English were horrible vermin. When Gulliver decided to show the queen a wonder of his society, he seemed to further alienate himself because he showed her the destructiveness of his world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift probably knew that having knowledge was power. But the impractical seeking of knowledge was of no use to him. At the Academy, professors would stay inside for years at a time, letting nature outside go to waste. They would ponder different ways to perform simple tasks and looked for answers to questions that hadn’t any. They did not take a thing of nature as God intended it, rather they took it apart and analyzed it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift saw humankind as evil, as portrayed in the life of the Houyhnhms and Yahoos.